Table 3 Study framework of included studies
Author Year | Pubmed ID | Study period | Data source, country or region | Study design | Population | Outcome | Does metformin show a significant anti-tuberculosis effect? | Risk of bias assessment (study quality) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marupuru et al. 2017 [19] | 28,199,824 | 2011–2015 | Kasturba Hospital, India | Case-control | Patients with DM (n = 448) | A diagnosis of TB | Yes | 7 |
Lin et al. 2017 [20] | NA | 2000–2006 | NHIRD (database), Taiwan | Cohort | Patients with DM (n = 22,256) | A new diagnosis of TB | Yes | 8 |
Lee et al. 2018 [9] | 30,335,800 | 2003–2006 | NHIRD (database), Taiwan | Cohort | Patients with DM (n = 177,732) | A new diagnosis of TB | Yes | 8 |
Lin et al. 2018 [10] | 29,943,489 | 1998–2010 | NHIRD (database), Taiwan | Cohort | Patients with type 2 DM (n = 10,052) | A new diagnosis of TB | Yes | 8 |
Pan et al. 2018 [13] | 29,253,553 | 2003–2013 | NHIRD (database), Taiwan | Cohort | Patients with type 2 DM (n = 9475) | A new diagnosis of TB | Yes | 8 |
Tseng et al. 2018 [7] | 30,205,606 | 1999–2005 | NHIRD (database), Taiwan | Cohort | Patients with type 2 DM (n = 164,267) | A new diagnosis of TB | Yes | 8 |
Lee et al. 2017 [11] | 29,540,054 | 2011–2012 | Seoul national university hospital, South Korea | Cohort | Patients with both DM and pulmonary TB (n = 105) | (1) Sputum culture conversion; (2) Recurrence of TB | (1) No (2) No | 8 |
Ma et al. 2018 [21] | 29,679,254 | 2009–2013 | Five hospitals in China, China | Cohort | Patients with both type 2 DM and pulmonary TB (n = 58) | (1) Sputum culture conversion; (2) Recurrence of TB (3) Success treatment | (1) No (2) No (3) No | 8 |
Degner et al. 2018 [12] | 29,325,084 | 2000–2013 | NTUH (hospital) Taiwan | Cohort | Patients with both DM and pulmonary TB (n = 634) | TB mortality | Yes | 8 |
Magee et al. 2018 [8] | 30,523,163 | 2011–2012 | NHANES (database) U.S.A. | Cross-sectional | Patients with DM (n = 4958) | A diagnosis of LTBI by QFT | No | 8 |
Singhal et al. 2014 [4] | 25,411,472 | NA | Tan Tock Seng hospital, Singapore | Cohort | Cohort 1: Patients with both DM and pulmonary TB (n = 273); Cohort 2: Patients with DM. (n = 220) | (1) TB mortality (2) Number of pulmonary cavities (3) A diagnosis of LTBI by T-spot | (1) Yes (2) Yes (3) Yes | 6 |