Table 1 Characteristics of the studies that reported cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Iran
From: Epidemiology of echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
| Â | First author (year of study) | Province | Sample size | Male Sex N (%) | The most affected age group (year) | Positive echinococcosis N (%) | Diagnostic Methodb | The most common infected group (%) | Total qualityscore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aslanabadi (2001-2011) [20] | Ardabil / East Azerbaijan | 59 | 32 (54.2) | ND a | 59 (100) | CT scan | ND | 5 |
2 | Mirzanejadasl (2008) [21] | Ardabil | 1998 | 14 (7.9) | 40-59 | 184 (9.2) | ELISA | ND | 2 |
3 | Mirzanejadasl (2010) [22] | Ardabil | 1003 | 10 (11.2) | 40-59 | 92 (9.2) | Ultrasonography, CT scan, ELISA | ND | 4 |
4 | Heidari (2011) [23] | Ardabil | 670 | 4 (33.33) | 60-90 | 12 (1.79) | ELISA | Farmers (3.17), Ranchmen (3.17), Illiterate people (2.6), consumption of unwashed raw vegetables (3.88) | 7 |
5 | Khalili (1998-2007) [24] | Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari | 144 | 46 (32) | 27-41 | 144 (100) | Clinical and laboratory findings | Rural dwellers (65), Housewives (60) | 6 |
6 | Yousefi Darani (2000-2001) [25] | Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari | 2524 | 56 (4.4) | ND | 120 (4.8) | CIE | ND | 5 |
7 | Montazeri (1995-2005) [26] | East Azerbaijan | 383 | 207 (54) | ND | 383 (100) | Chest X-ray | ND | 4 |
8 | Montazeri (1995-2005) [26] | East Azerbaijan | 62 | 40 (64) | ND | 62 (100) | Chest X-ray | ND | 4 |
9 | Vahedi (2001-2012) [27] | East Azerbaijan | 318 | 135 (42.5) | 20-30 | 318 (100) | ND | ND | 2 |
10 | Ghabouli Mehrabani (2009-2011) [28] | East-Azerbaijan | 52 | 25 (48) | 40-60 | 52 (100) | ND | Rural dwellers (63), Housewives (44.2%), | 6 |
11 | Garedaghi (2011) [29] | East Azerbaijan | 1500 | 5 (0.83) | 30-40 | 19 (1.28) | ELISA | Self-employed people (2.8) | 8 |
12 | Dadkhah (2011) [30] | East Azerbaijan | 250 | 3 (30) | 20-40 | 8 (3.2) | IFA | Housewives, Illiterate people | 3 |
13 | Sadjjadi (1978-1998) [31] | Fars | 1227 | ND | ND | 1227 (100) | Pathology, CCIEP, Ultrasound | ND | 1 |
14 | Saberi-Firouzi (1994- 1995) [32] | Fars | 1000 | 20 (4.5) | 15 - 29 | 50 (5) | Ultrasonography, ELISA, CIE | Illiterate people (5), Carpet weaver (5.3), contact with dog (5.4) | 7 |
15 | Solhjou (2006-2007) [33] | Fars | 1096 | 45 (65.2) | 46-60 | 69 (6.3) | ELISA | Farmers (18.18), Illiterate people (8.18) | 8 |
16 | Sarkari (2013-2014) [34] | Fars | 1068 | 56 (5.5) | > 50 | 60 (5.6) | ELISA | Self-employed people (46) | 5 |
17 | Aghajanzadeh (1992-2005) [3] | Guilan | 152 | ND | ND | 152 (100) | Chest X-ray, CT scan, Ultrasonography | ND | 0 |
18 | Mansour-Ghanaei (2000-2010) [35] | Guilan | 62 | 38 (61) | 40-60 | 62 (100) | Ultrasonography, CT scan, Chest X-ray, Pathology | Urban dwellers (66.1), Housewives (40.3), | 6 |
19 | Baharsefat (2007) [36] | Golestan | 1024 | 20 (1.93) | 40-49 | 46 (4.5) | IFA, ELISA | Housewives (3.67), Illiterate people (3.72), | 5 |
20 | Arbabi (1991) | Hamedan | 1530 | 19 (2.9) | 60-80 | 46 (3) | IFA, IHA | ND | 8 |
21 | Ahmadi (1992-2006) [37] | Hamedan | 179 | 79 (44.1) | 20-39 | 179 (100) | Ultrasonography, CT scan | Housewives (47.3), Rural dwellers (57.5) | 8 |
22 | Ahmadi (1992-2006) [38] | Hamedan | 24 | 10 (42) | 40–59 | 24 (100) | Ultrasonography, CT scan | Housewives (50), Rural dwellers (54.2) | 6 |
23 | Aflaki (2005) [39] | Ilam | 3000 | 15 (1) | 20-30 | 37 (1.2) | Dot-ELISA/ ELISA | Nomads (10.77) | 4 |
24 | Arbabi (1993-2000) [40] | Isfahan | 85 | 38 (44.7) | 20-29 | 85 (100) | ND | Housewives (47), Urban dwellers (68.2) | 7 |
25 | Arbabi (2006) [40] | Isfahan | 500 | 4 (0.9) | < 20 | 12 (2.4) | IHA | Housewives (5) | 7 |
26 | Fahimzad (2001-2013) [41] | Isfahan, Tehran, Sistan and Baluchestan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Hamedan, Markazi | 161 | 99 (61.5) | 6-10 years | 161 (100) | Pathology, Ultrasonography, Chest X-ray, CT scan, | ND | 4 |
27 | Esmaeili (2010) [40] | Isfahan | 361 | 4 (2.3) | 31-45 | 11 (3.05) | ELISA, IFA | Illiterate people (4.3), Housewives (6) | 7 |
28 | Ilbeigi (2015) [40] | Isfahan | 635 | 14 (2.24) | 60-69 | 7 (1.1) | ELISA | self-employed people (3.05) | 4 |
29 | Eftekhari (1991-2000) [42] | Kerman | 60 | 31 (51.6) | 21-30 | 60 (100) | Radiography, CT scan, Ultrasonography | Housewives (69), Rural dwellers (63.3) | 6 |
30 | Harandi (2006–2008) [43] | Kerman | 1062 | 22 (2.1) | 20-39 | 77 (7.3) | Ultrasonography, ELISA | Housewives (8.4) | 7 |
31 | Moazezi (2008-2009) [44] | Kerman | 451 | 4 (4.9) | 30-55 | 37 (8.8) | Ultrasonography, ELISA | Housewives (9.6), Farmers (9.1) | 7 |
32 | Vejdani (2004-2009) [45] | Kermanshah | 526 | 141 (48.5) | 31-40 | 291 (55) | CT scan, MRI, Ultrasonography, Pathology | Urban dwellers (57.7) | 4 |
33 | Chalechale (2009-2011) [46] | Kermanshah | 172 | 79 (46) | 21-40 | 172 (100) | ND | ND | 3 |
34 | Bagheri (1981–2008) [47] | Khorasan Razavi | 1024 | 535 (52.2) | ND | 1024 (100) | IHA, ChestX-ray, CT scan, Bronchoscopy, Ultrasonography | Housewives (27.2) | 7 |
35 | Ebrahimipour (2001-2008) [48] | Khorasan Razavi | 400 | 218 (54.5) | 20–29 | 400 (100) | MRI, Ultrasonography, IHA, ELISA, | ND | 4 |
36 | Andalib Aliabadi (2003-2012) [49] | Khorasan Razavi | 1342 | 631 (47) | 20-30 | 1342 (100) | Parasitology, Histopathology | Housewives, Urban dwellers (71) | 6 |
37 | Sadrizadeh (2010-2012) [50] | Khorasan Razavi | 87 | 46 (52) | 20-30 | 87 (100) | Chest X-ray, CT scan, IFA | ND | 5 |
38 | Khazaei (2011-2014) [51] | Khorasan Razavi | 357 | 161 (45.1) | 21-40 | 357 (100) | Radiology, CT scan | Housewives (45.8), Rural dwellers (40.3) | 7 |
39 | Fotoohi (2013) [52] | Khorasan Razavi | 100 | ND | ND | 7 (0.07) | ELISA | ND | -2 |
40 | Talaiezadeh (1994-2000) [53] | Khuzestan | 40 | 24 (60) | 6-10 years | 40 (100) | Ultrasonography, Chest-X-Ray | ND | 4 |
41 | Rafiei (2007) [54] | Khuzestan | 3446 | 176 (13.7) | 0-4 | 475 (13.8) | ELISA | Farmers (18.5), Shepherds (15.8) | 7 |
42 | Sarkari (1997-2006) [55] | Kohkiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad | 105 | 35 (33.33) | 30-39 | 105 (100) | ND | Housewives (66.7) | 6 |
43 | Sarkari (2009) [56] | Kohkiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad | 500 | 21 (58.3) | 30-39 | 36 (7.1) | ELISA | Farmers | 6 |
44 | Akhlaghi (2005) [57] | Kurdistan | 1114 | 925 (83) | 20-40 | 81 (7.3) | IFA | Illiterate people | 3 |
45 | Hadadian (2006) [58] | Kurdistan | 1979 | 5 (0.53) | 30-40 | 22 (1.12) | ELISA | ND | 7 |
46 | Rostami Nejad (2002-2006) [59] | Lorestan | 64513 | 17 (43.4) | ND | 39 (0.06) | ND | Housewives (51) | 6 |
47 | Nayebzadeh (2004-2011) [60] | Lorestan | 134 | 57 (42.5) | 20-30 | 134 (100) | Pathology, CT scan, Ultrasonography, Radiology, Bronchoscopy | ND | 4 |
48 | Zibaei (2007) [61] | Lorestan | 617 | 57 (60) | 20-29 | 95 (15.4) | ELISA | Primary school educated (22.7), Farmers (59.3), Rural dwellers (38.9) | 7 |
49 | Zibaei (2007- 2011) [61] | Lorestan | 58 | 28 (48.3) | 20-29 | 58 (100) | ND | ND | 7 |
50 | Asgari (2013) [62] | Markazi | 578 | 13 (2.31) | 40-49 | 20 (3.46) | ELISA | Farmers (6.67), Ranchmen (6.67), Illiterate people (4.8), Rural dwellers (7) | 7 |
51 | Esfandiari (2001-2007) [63] | Mazandaran | 132 | 59 (44.7) | 21-30 | 132 (100) | ND | ND | 2 |
52 | Moosazadeh (2009-2014) [64] | Mazandaran | 41 | 15 (36.6) | 30-49 | 41 (100) | CT scan, MRI, Ultrasonography, Radiology | Housewives (58.5) | 7 |
53 | Ziaei Hezarjaribi (2013-2014) [65] | Mazandaran | 600 | 148 (24.6) | 30-60 | 190 (31.6) | ELISA | Rural dwellers (25.7), Educated people (25.8) | 7 |
54 | Salehi (2009-2011) [66] | North Khorasan | 24 | 10 (41.7) | 31-40 | 24 (100) | ND | Housewives (45.8) | 5 |
55 | Rezaei (2002-2013) [67] | Qom | 82 | 35 (42.7) | 21-30 | 82 (100) | ND | Illiterate people (62.2), Housewives (51.3) | 6 |
56 | Rakhshanpour (2011-2012) [68] | Qom | 1564 | 18 (2.2) | 30-60 | 25 (1.6) | ELISA | Employees (2.4), Urban dwellers (2.1) | 7 |
57 | Sharifi-Mood (1990-2005) [69] | Sistan and Baluchestan | 49 | 37 (75.5) | ND | 49 (100) | Chest X-ray, Chest roentgenogram, CT-Scan, ELISA, | Rural dwellers (81) | 4 |
58 | Moradi (2014) [70] | Sistan and Baluchestan | 536 | 1 (0.18) | 23 | 1 (0.18) | ELISA | self-employed people | 7 |
59 | Amini (1984-2004) [71] | Tehran | 60 | 28 (46.7) | 30-39 | 60 (100) | Ultrasonography, CT scan, Chest X-ray, | Housewives (75), Farmer (42.8) | 6 |
60 | Nourjah (1986-1990) [72] | Tehran | 4850 | 1439 (43.6) | 20-29 | 4850 (100) | ND | Housewives, Illiterate people (68.3) | 5 |
61 | Mirshemirani (1987-2007) [73] | Tehran | 116 | 61 (52.6) | 9-14 years | 116 (100) | Radiography, CT scan, Ultrasonography, ELISA, IFA | ND | 4 |
62 | Mirshemirani (1992-2007) [74] | Tehran | 72 | 40 (55.56) | 12-14 years | 72 (100) | Chest X- ray, ELISA, IFA, CT scan, Ultrasonography | ND | 4 |
63 | Pejhan (1995-2005) [75] | Tehran | 82 | 48 (59) | ND | 82 (100) | Chest X-ray, CT scan, Ultrasonography, | ND | 4 |
64 | Mamishi (1995-2005) [76] | Tehran | 71,600 | 18 (58) | ND | 31 (0.04) | Chest X-rays, CT scan, Ultrasonography | dwellers of central areas of Iran (58), Children with history of contact with dogs or sheep (52) | 6 |
65 | Khalilzadeh (1996-2004) [77] | Tehran | 11 | 10 (91) | 10-16 years | 11 (100) | Chest X-ray, CT scan | ND | 4 |
66 | Mirshemirani (1996-2010) [78] | Tehran | 100 | 54 (54) | 13-14 | 100 (100) | Sonography, CT scan, ELISA | ND | 5 |
67 | Sedaghat Gohar (1999) [79] | Tehran | 1052 | 12 (4.5) | > 60 | 62 (5.9) | IFA | Rural dwellers (8.1), Farmers and Ranchmen (16), Illiterate people (8) | 7 |
68 | Ahmadi (1999-2009) [80] | Tehran | 203 | 86 (42) | 21-40 | 203 (100) | Ultrasonography, CT scan, Chest X-ray, Endoscopy, Gastroscopy, MRI, IHA, ELISA, Casoni | Housewives (53.5), Urban dwellers (87) | 7 |
69 | Mousavi (2000-2010) [81] | Tehran | 89 | 39 (44) | ND | 89 (100) | Ultrasonography, CT scan | ND | 4 |
70 | Pezaeshki (2001-2004) [82] | Tehran | 78 | 34 (43.5) | 32-40 | 78 (100) | ND | ND | 3 |
71 | Mahmoudi (2005-2010) [83] | Tehran | 17 | 9 (52.9) | ND | 17 (100) | Ultrasonography, CT scan, IFA, | Inhabitants of central part of Iran (58.8), | 4 |
72 | Farrokhzad (2006) [84] | Tehran | 437 | ND | ND | 1 (0.22) | IFA, ELISA | ND | 1 |
73 | Akhlaghi (2006-2007) [85] | Tehran | 1100 | ND | ND | 18 (1.63) | Dot-ELISA | ND | 0 |
74 | Zarif-fard (1999) [86] | Western Iran | 4138 | 11 (4.7) | 21-40 | 230 (5.55) | ELISA | Kurd (6.1) and Lour (5.8) ethnic groups, Hunters (7.4) | 6 |
75 | Hajipirloo (2000-2009) [87] | West Azerbaijan | 294 | 137 (46.7) | 20-30 | 294 (100) | ND | Rural dwellers (63.1) | 5 |
76 | Fattahi Bafghi (2006-2011) [88] | Yazd | 26911 | 8 (66.67) | 8-28 and 49-69 | 12 (0.045) | ND | ND | 3 |
77 | Kohansal (2007-2013) [89] | Zanjan | 136 | 62 (45.58) | 21–40 | 136 (100) | ND | ND | 3 |