Assessing the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate for management of autonomic nervous system dysregulation in Vietnamese children with severe hand foot and mouth disease

Table 5 Clinical and laboratory features in the observational cohort for the MgSO₄ exposed and control groups^a

	MgSO₄ (N = 33)	Control (N = 12)
Demographic and clinical features^b
Age (months)	36 (12, 153)	15 (6, 45)
Sex (female)	7 (21)	6 (50)
Weight (kg)	18 (9, 55)	10 (7, 20)
Illness day at T = 0	4 (2, 8)	4 (1, 7)
Fever (> 37.5⁰ C)	26 (79)	11 (92)
Skin ANS features^c	1 (3)	0 (0)
Tachycardia^d	7 (21)	2 (17)
Systolic BP at T = 0	140 (122, 200)	134 (119, 168)
Diastolic BP at T = 0	70 (55, 110)	64 (54, 88)
Tachypnea for age	16 (55)	9 (75)
Irregular breathing	3 (12)	2 (18)
Neurological abnormalities^e	1 (3)	0 (0)
Laboratory investigations^b
Hb (g/dl)	11.9 (9.1, 14.9)	13.1 (9.0, 15.0)
WBC (×10⁹/l)	12.0 (5.7, 17.7)	12.6 (9.9, 26.7)
CK-MB (IU/l)	23.9 (11.7, 71.7)	36.8 (17.5, 159.2)
Troponin I (pg/ml)	11 (00, 48)	13 (0, 772)
Blood sugar (mmol/l)	5.9 (4.2, 9.1)	5.7 (4.2, 10.9)
Lab-confirmed EV infection	25 (76)	12 (100)
EV-A71 positive	23 (70)	12 (100)
Other EV positive^f	2 (6)	0

Summary statistic is absolute count (%) for categorical variables and median (range) for continuous data
^aFeatures assessed within the 24 h before the actual/potential time to start MgSO₄ (T = 0)
^bMissing data for tachypnea in 4 cases in the MgSO₄ group. For the lab investigations data were missing in less than 5% of cases for most variables, except that CK-MB and Troponin were only measured in patients with tachycardia sustained > 170 bpm (MgSO₄ Group – 18 cases, Control group – 6 cases)
^cSkin manifestations of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation
^dTachycardia: Heart rate sustained > 150 beats/min, adjusted down by 10 for each 1oC of fever above 37.0 °C
^eMyoclonic jerks were not observed during the 24 h before T = 0 in any patient, while limb tremor/ataxia was present in 1 case in the MgSO₄ exposed group
^fIncluding 1 case with Coxsackievirus (CV) A 16, 1 case with an undefined enterovirus, all other cases PCR negative

ISSN: 1471-2334