Table 1 Baseline characteristics, physical examination and investigation
Variable (n = 463) | N | (%) |
|---|---|---|
Gender, male | 204 | (44.1) |
Age, median (IQR) years | 78 | 72–84 |
Patient’s insurance | ||
30 Baht healthcare schemea | 226 | (48.8) |
Social security | 9 | (1.9) |
Government employee | 163 | (35.2) |
Self-pay | 65 | (14.0) |
Mode of arrival | ||
Family car | 341 | (73.7) |
Ambulance | 68 | (14.7) |
Others | 54 | (11.6) |
Triage level | ||
Urgent | 253 | (54.6) |
Emergency | 181 | (37.8) |
Resuscitation | 36 | (7.8) |
Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 5 | 4–6 |
Polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications) | 175 | (37.8) |
Sepsis fast track | 146 | (31.5) |
Temperature (°C), n = 451 | ||
36–38 °C | 297 | (65.9) |
< 36 or > 38 °C | 154 | (34.1) |
Heart rate (beat/min), n = 462 | ||
> 90 /min | 252 | (54.3) |
≤ 90/min | 211 | (45.7) |
Respiratory rate (/min), n = 455 | ||
> 20/min | 291 | (64.0) |
≤ 20/min | 164 | (36.0) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), n = 462 | ||
≤ 100 | 53 | (11.5) |
> 100 | 409 | (88.5) |
Oxygen saturation, n = 406 | ||
< 90% | 54 | (13.3) |
90–93% | 51 | (12.6) |
≥ 94% | 301 | (74.1) |
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS (points)] | ||
0–1 | 169 | (36.5) |
2 | 132 | (28.5) |
3 | 107 | (23.1) |
4 | 55 | (11.9) |
Quick sequential organ failure assessment [qSOFA (points)] | ||
0–1 | 373 | (80.5) |
2 | 75 | (16.2) |
3 | 15 | (3.2) |
Hemoglobin (mg/dl), n = 450 | ||
< 7 | 22 | (4.9) |
Platelet (cells/cm3), n = 449 | ||
< 100,000 | 28 | (6.2) |
Creatinine (mg/dl), n = 444 | ||
≥ 2 | 78 | (17.6) |
Creatinine clearance [CrCl (ml/min)], n = 445 | ||
> 50 | 254 | (57.1) |
10–50 | 173 | (38.9) |
< 10 | 18 | (4.0) |
Blood glucose (mg/dl), n = 345 | ||
≥ 180 | 97 | (28.1) |
Sodium (mmol/dl), n = 441 | ||
< 135 | 141 | (32.0) |
135–145 | 283 | (64.1) |
> 145 | 17 | (3.9) |
Total bilirubin (mg/dl), n = 225 | ||
≥ 2 | 26 | (11.6) |
International normalized ratio (INR), n = 240 | ||
> 1.5 | 25 | (10.4) |
Lactate (mmol/l), n = 361 | ||
≥ 2 | 220 | (60.9) |
≥ 4 | 59 | (16.3) |