Author, Year (Location of study) | Characteristics of participants Age(years) Gender Sample size. Retention (attrition) | Intervention. No of participants allocated (No that completed) | Duration of intervention | Control | Outcome | Measurement tool for outcome | Summary of result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agin, 2001 (U.S.A) | 28–66 Women N = 37 81% (19%) | Progressive Resistance Training 3 sets of 10 exercises (8–10 repetition / set) n = 12 (10) Whey protein (PRO) n = 12 (10) Combined (PRO-PRE) n = 13 (10) | 14 weeks |  | QoL | MOS survey | Physical activity score significantly increased for PRE group (p = 0.02): general health perceptions (p = 0.03), vitality (p = 0.007) |
Anandh, 2014 (India) | 41.71 ± 5.73 N = 24 80% (20%) | Progressive Resistance Training. (10 RM 3x weekly) n = 12 (9) | 12 weeks | No exercise n = 12 (10) | QoL Immune function | MOS-HIV survey CD4 count | Effective in increasing CD4 count (E.S = 0.09; p = 0.041) and QoL (p = 0.004) |
Baigis, 2002 (USA) | NR N = 123 80.5% (19.5%) | Aerobic exercise (75–85% MHR) n = 68 (52) | 15 weeks | No exercise n = 55 (47) | Immune status QoL | CD4 count MOS-HIV | No significant impact of exercise on CD4 count Significance on MOS-HIV overall health subscale (p = 0.02) |
Ezema, 2014 (Nigeria) | 22–63 NR N = 33 91% (9%) | Aerobic exercise (60–79% MHR) n = 17 (15) | 8 weeks | Conventional therapy n = 16 (15) | Immune function | CD4 count | Increase CD4 count in the exercise group compared to control (ES = 0.7) |
Farinatti, 2010 (Brazil) | 45 ± 2 years NR N = 27 87% (13%) | Aerobic training (30 mins. of moderate intensity exercise (cycle ergometer), PWC 150); strengthening exercise-50mins (2 sets of 12 reps of 5 exercises at 60–80% 12 RM); and flexibility exercise- 10 min (2 sets of 30s at max. ROM of 8 exercises). | 12 weeks | No treatment | Immune function | CD4 count | There was no significant change in the CD4-T cell counts either in the exercise group or the control group |
Galantino, 2005 (Rwanda) | 20–60 years N = 51 75% (25] | EX intended to foster strength, endurance, and cardiovascular exertion. (60–70% MHR). | 8 weeks | Maintain normal activity | QoL | (MOS-HIV) and Spirituality Well-Being Scale (SWB). | Exercise training improved quality of life |
Gillespie, 1997 (United State) | 27–46 N = 23 78.3% (21.7%) | Aerobic exercise (60–80% MHR) n = 11(6) | 12 weeks | No exercise. n = 12 | QoL | MOS-HIV | No significant difference between exercise and control groups on MOS-HIV |
Maduagwu, 2015 (Nigeria) | 39.57 ± 10.13 N = 82 78% (22%) | Moderate intensity aerobic exercise (treadmill) 50–70% HRR n = 41 (32) | 12 weeks | Maintain routine daily activities n = 41 (32) | Immune function | CD4 count | Significant improvement of CD4 count between pre-test and post-test in the experimental group (ES = 0.8) |
Maharaj, 2011 (South Africa) | NR N = 52 50% (50%) | Aerobic exercise. (50–70% MHR) n = 26 (20) | 12 weeks | SWD (as a placebo) n = 26 (6) | QoL | SF-36 Questionnaire | QoL significantly improved for the experimental group compared with the control. Physical component (ES = 0.3; p < 0.018) Mental component (ES = 0.2; p < 0.021) |
Mkandla, 2016 (Zimbabwe) | 42.2 ± 8.5 N = 160 40% (60%) | Progressive Resistance Exercise intervention To lower limb n = 80 (29) | 12 weeks | Usual advice + normal activities n = 80 (35) | QoL | (EQ-5D) Euro quality of life-5 dimension | significantly improved (HRQOL) in the intervention when compared to the control group measured using the state of health visual analogue(p = 0.04) |
Mutimura, 2008 (Rwanda) | 21–50 years N = 100 97% (3%) | EXC include warmup (15 min) followed by 45–60 min of jogging, running, stair climbing, low-back & abdominal stabilization and strengthening exercises | 24 weeks | No treatment | QoL | WHOQOL-BREF | Exercise training improved several components of QoL in HAART-treated HIV+ African subjects with body fat distribution |
Ogalha, 2011 (Brazil) | 43.15 ± 9.45 N = 70 90% (10%) | Aerobic exercise (75% MHR) n = 35 | 24 weeks | Counseling n = 35(28) | QoL Immune function | SF-36 CD4 count | Higher significance for patient in exercise group concerning general health, vitality and mental health significant improvement for CD4 (ES = 0.2; p = 0.001) |
Perna, 1999 (USA) | 36.75 ± 6.27 N = 43 65% (35%) | Aerobic exercise (70–80 MHR) n = 24 (18) | 12 weeks | No exercise n = 19 (10) | Immune function | CD4 count | Significant increase with compliant exercises (ES = 0.9 p < 0.02), while significant decrease for non-compliant and control with a decrease of about 10% |
Smith 2001 (U.S.A) | 36 ± 6.6 N = 60 82% (18%) | Aerobic exercise training (60–80% MHR) n = 30 (19) | 12 weeks | No exercise n = 30 | Immune function | CD4 count | No significant change in CD4 cell count |
Stringer 1998 (U.S.A) | 36 ± 9 N = 34 76% (23%) | Aerobic exercise (Cycle ergometer) Moderate intensity (n = 9) | 6 weeks | Maintain current level of activity n = 8 Heavy intensity Aerobic exercise n = 9 | Immune function QoL | CD4 count A subset of QoL questionnaire validated prior HIV studies | Minimal change among the thee group Improvement occurred in both exercise training groups relative to control group. |
Terry, 2006 (Brazil) | 37.5 ± 8.5 N = 42 71% (29%) | Aerobic exercise (70–85% MHR) n = 21 (15) | 12 weeks | Soft stretching and relaxation routine. n = 21(15) | Immune function | CD4 count | No significant change after exercise |
Terry, 1999 (Brazil) | 31 ± 8 N = 31 68% (32%) | Aerobic exercise Moderate intensity (55–60% MHR) n = 16 (10) | 12 weeks | Aerobic exercise High intensity (75–85 MHR) n = 15 (11) | Immune function | CD4 count | No appreciable changes in the moderate or high intensity exercise group |
Yar’zever, 2013 (Nigeria) | 39.2 ± 12.75 yrs. N = 40 93% (7%) | Aerobic exercise (cycle ergometer) (50–60 MHR) n = 20 | 12 weeks | Normal daily activities n = 20 (17) | Immune function | CD4 count | Significant deference in CD4 count between pre and post experimental group (ES = 0.4; p < 0.05) and decrease viral load, while control had a decrease in CD4 count and increase viral load |
Zanetti, 2016 (Brazil) | 41.1 ± 10.1 N = 30 NR | Resistance exercise 3 sets of 6 exercise (6–12 RM/set) n = 15 | 12 weeks | Maintain daily habit n = 15 | Immune function | CD4 count | Increase in CD4 count from pre- post intervention. |