To what extent can clinical characteristics be used to distinguish encephalitis from encephalopathy of other causes? Results from a prospective observational study

Table 3 Etiology and number of minor criteria for patients diagnosed with encephalitis

Number of minor criteria	Etiology^a	No of patients
2 minor criteria	Varicella zoster virus (VZV)^b	2
	Adenovirus (ADV)^b	1
	Borrelia burgdorferi ^c	1
	Naegleria fowleri ^e	1
	Unknown	2
≥3 minor criteria	Herpes simplex type 1^b	1
	Mycobacterium tuberculosis ^{d, f}	2
	Borrelia burgdorferi ^c	1
	NMDAr	1
	Unknown	7

^aAgent confirmed by either by ^b PCR in CSF, ^c intrathecal antibodyproduction or ^dpositive culture of M tuberculosis in CSF, ^e autopsy, sequencing of Naegleria fowleri. ^f One patient had dual infection with Cryptococcus neoformans

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