Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Patients, n

621

341

280

NA

Male gender, n (%)

370 (59.5)

199 (58.4)

171 (61.1)

0.55

Age (years)

67.56

67.13

68.08

0.43

Total patient days at risk

3171

1613

1558

0.24

Mean length of hospital stay

23.50

21.07

26.46

0.12

Mean length of ICU stay

4.87

4.30

5.40

0.11

Overall mortality, n (%)

85 (13.7)

48 (14.0)

37 (13.7)

0.91

Previous admission Hx. within 3 months, n (%)

139 (22.4)

66 (19.4)

73 (26.1)

0.06

 Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

453 (72.9)

247 (72.2)

212 (75.2)

0.41

 Diabetes, n (%)

195 (31.4)

111 (32.5)

84 (29.8)

0.49

 Cerebro vascular accident, n (%)

264 (42.5)

146 (42.7)

118 (42.0)

0.87

 Solid organ malignancy, n (%)

75 (12.1)

43 (12.6)

32 (11.3)

0.71

 Hemaologic malignancy, n (%)

4 (0.6)

3(0.9)

1 (0.4)

0.63

 Trauma Hx., n (%)

20 (3.2)

14 (4.1)

6 (2.1)

0.18

 Chronic renal disease, n (%)

133 (21.4)

61 (18.1)

72 (25.5)

0.03

 Chronic liver disease, n (%)

70 (11.3)

36 (10.5)

34 (12.1)

0.61

 Chronic lung disease, n (%)

82 (13.2)

44 (12.9)

38 (13.5)

0.91

 Connective tissue disease, n (%)

13 (2.1)

6 (1.8)

7 (2.5)

0.58

SOFA score

4 (2–7)

4 (2–7)

4 (2–6)

0.38

 Central line catheter insertion, n (%)

273 (44.0)

155 (45.3)

118 (41.8)

0.42

 Intubation, n (%)

167 (26.9)

98 (28.7)

69 (24.5)

0.28

 CRRTx.,n (%)

38 (6.1)

22 (6.4)

16 (5.7)

0.74

 Operation history, n (%)

92 (14.8)

51 (15.0)

41 (14.6)

1.00

Median duration of antibiotics treatment

6 (0–15)

7 (0–15)

6 (0–16)

0.59

Vancomycin use, n (%)

70 (11.3)

36 (10.6)

34 (12.1)

0.61

MRSA acquisition prior to ICU admission

57 (9.2)

36 (10.5)

21 (7.5)

0.21

ICU bed occupancy, %

82.0

83.7

81.5

0.22

Hand hygiene compliance of all HCW

72.1

71.6

72.7

0.62

 Hand hygiene compliance of physicians

54.2

53.8

54.6

0.48

 Hand hygiene compliance of nurses

89.9

89.4

90.5

0.64