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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and day-7 outcome of study participants according to race

From: Dengue fever in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: clinical features and outcome in populations of black and non-black racial category

 

All

Black patients

Non-black patients

P value

N = 428

N = 240

N = 188

N(%) or Median (IQR)

Age, years

35 (27–45)

30 (23–40)

41 (34–49)

< 0.001

Male sex

227 (53)

135 (56)

92 (49)

0.13

Low socioeconomic status

178 (42)

178 (74)

0 (0)

< 0.001

Malaria coinfection

15 (3.5)

12 (5.0)

3 (1.6)

0.06

Pregnancy

8 (1.9)

5 (2.1)

3 (1.6)

0.71

HIV a

11 (2.6)

11 (4.6)

0 (0)

NA

History of diabetes

6 (1.4)

3 (1.3)

3 (1.6)

0.76

Secondary dengue

57 (13.3)

31 (13)

26 (14)

0.78

Symptoms and signs at inclusion

 Duration of symptoms, days; Mean (SD)

2.8 (1.4)

2.9 (1.3)

2.7 (1.6)

0.01

 Headache

374 (87)

220 (92)

154 (82)

0.003

 Rash

98 (23)

10 (4.2)

88 (47)

< 0.001

 Myalgia/Arthralgia

286 (67)

182 (76)

104 (55)

< 0.001

 Vomiting

87 (20)

47 (20)

40 (21)

0.67

 Systolic blood pressure < 90mmh b

10 (2.3)

1 (0.4)

9 (4.8)

0.003

 Pulse pressure ≤ 20 mmHg b

7 (1.6)

2 (0.8)

5 (2.7)

0.14

 Altered mental status; Glasgow Coma Score < 15

2 (0.5)

2 (0.8)

0 (0)

0.21

Warning signs at inclusion and within 7 days of follow-up

129 (30)

67 (28)

62 (33)

0.26

 Abdominal pain

66 (15.4)

40 (17)

26 (14)

0.42

 Persistent vomiting

40 (9.4)

23 (9.6)

17 (9.0)

0.85

 Clinical fluid accumulation

4 (0.9)

2 (0.8)

2 (1.1)

0.81

 Mucosal bleed

42 (9.7)

14 (5.8)

24 (13)

0.01

Laboratory parameters at inclusion c

 Hemoglobin, mg/l

14 (13–15)

14 (13–15)

14 (12–15)

0.48

 Hematocrit, %

42 (39–46)

42 (38–46)

43 (40–46)

0.005

 Hematocrit > 45%

120 (28)

54 (23)

66 (35)

0.004

 Leukocytes, ×109/L

4.5 (3.1–6.0)

4.6 (3.1–6.2)

4.2 (3.0–5.6)

0.16

 Leukocytes < 3.5x109G/L

143 (33)

76 (32)

67 (36)

0.39

 Platelets, ×109/L

150 (115–189)

147 (106–195)

11 (122–178)

0.82

 Platelets < 100 × 109/L

70 (16)

48 (20)

22 (12)

0.02

Clinical outcome at day 7

 Severe dengue d

20 (4.7)

6 (2.5)

14 (7.5)

0.02

 Death

2 (0.5)

2 (0.8)

0 (0)

0.21

 Admission

39 (9.1)

21 (8.8)

18 (9.6)

0.77

 Intravenous fluid

55 (13)

18 (7.5)

37 (20)

< 0.001

  1. aHIV screening was systematically performed in the public clinics only; b Missing blood pressure measurement in 129 patients (in 36 black and in 93 non-black patients); blood pressure was assumed to be within the normal range if missing; c Blood count values missing in 18 patients; d patients who died are included among patients with severe dengue
  2. Abbreviations: NA Not applicable
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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