Table 2 Patients profile and associated factors with H1N1 infection based on matched case-control study (n = 314)

Characteristics of patients

 Male

85 (54.1)

83 (52.9)

1.05 (0.68–1.64)

0.821

 Age (>  60 years old)

37 (23.6)

58 (36.9)

–

–

 Cardiovascular disease

54 (34.4)

49 (31.2)

1.16 (0.72–1.85)

0.548

 Lung disease

31 (19.7)

42 (26.8)

0.67 (0.39–1.14)

0.143

 Diabetes mellitus

28 (17.8)

28 (17.8)

1.00 (0.56–1.79)

1.000

 Pregnant or post-partum state

11 (7.0)

4 (2.5)

2.88 (0.96–10.58)

0.075

 Immunocompromised

16 (10.2)

6 (3.8)

2.86 (1.14–8.15)

0.033

 Kidney disease

11 (7.0)

6 (3.8)

1.90 (0.70–5.63)

0.219

 Liver disease

1 (0.6)

3 (1.9)

0.329 (0.016–2.602)

0.338

 Neurological and neuro-developmental conditions

8 (5.1)

11 (7.0)

0.71 (0.27–1.81)

0.479

Hospitalization characteristics

 Antibacterial therapy (intravenous or oral)

135 (86.0)

150 (95.5)

0.29 (0.11–0.66)

0.005

 ICU stay

62 (39.5)

74 (47.1)

0.73 (0.47–1.14)

0.172

 Mechanical ventilation

17 (10.8)

17 (10.8)

–

–

 Acute hemodialysis

8 (5.1)

0 (0.0)

–

–

 Vasoactive drugs

20 (12.7)

20 (12.7)

–

–

 Red blood cell or platelet transfusion

4 (2.5)

4 (2.5)

–

–

 Surgical procedure

15 (9.6)

15 (9.6)

–

–

 Thoracic procedure

6 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

–

–

 Albumin administration

23 (14.6)

24 (15.3)

–

–

 Length of stay (days)

5.00 [3.00; 8.00]

5.00 [3.00, 10.00]

1.00 (0.98–1.01)

0.680

 In–hospital death

8 (5.1)

14 (8.9)

0.55 (0.21–1.32)

0.190