Table 1 Cases of Gemella berigeri from 1998 to 2018
Case | Age | Gender | Disease | Underlying disease | Antibiotics | Reson for changing antibiotics | Blood culture | How to diagnose | Operation | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 42 | Male | I ▪ E | Mitral valve prolapse, periodontitis | NA | NA | NA | 16S rRNA gene sequence | Valve replacement | Admission | [5] |
2 | NA | NA | I・E | NA | NA | NA | NA | 16S rRNA gene sequence | NA | Survived | [5] |
3 | NA | NA | I・E | NA | NA | NA | NA | 16S rRNA gene sequence | NA | Survived | [5] |
4a | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 16S rRNA gene sequence | NA | Survived | [5] |
5a | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 16S rRNA gene sequence | NA | Survived | [5] |
6a | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 16S rRNA gene sequence | NA | Survived | [5] |
7 | 32 | Male | I・E | Bicuspid aortic valve | Ampicillin, gentamicin, refampicin | No | Gram-positive cocci | 16S rRNA gene sequence | Ring abscess curettage, valve replacement | Survived | [6] |
8 | 15 | Male | I・E | Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia | Vancomycin, gentamicin →ceftriaxone, refampicin | Side effect | Gram-positive cocci | 16S rRNA gene sequence | No | Survived | [7] |
9 | 24 | Male | I・E | Rheumatic heart disease | Ceftriaxone, gentamicin | No | Gram-positive cocci | Phenotypic method | Decompressive craniotomy | Death | [8] |
10 | 50 | Male | I・E | Bicuspid aortic valve | Amoxicilline-clavulanate, amikacin →ceftriaxon, gentamicin | Antibiogram results | Gemella bergeri | NA | No | Survived | [9] |
11 | 37 | Male | I・E | Tricuspid valve cleft | NA | NA | Negative | Real-time PCR | Valve repair with vegetectomy | Survived | [10] |
12 | 63 | Male | I・E | Extensive dental procedure | Vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, levofloxacin | No | Gram-positive cocci | Phenotypic method | No | Death | [4] |
13 | 23 | Male | I・E | Bicuspid aortic valve | Ceftriaxone, vancomycin →ampicillin, gentamicin | Antibiogram results | Gemella bergeri | NA | Mitral valve repair with vegetectomy, aortic valve replacement | Survived | [11] |