Table 1 Characteristics of pregnancies resulting in a live or still birth, by exposure to oseltamivir
Characteristic | Before propensity score matching | After propensity score matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unexposed to oseltamivir during pregnancy | Exposed during first trimester | Exposed during second or third trimester | Unexposed to oseltamivir during pregnancy | Exposed during first trimester | Unexposed to oseltamivir during pregnancy | Exposed during second or third trimester | |
Number | 670,602 | 406 | 1449 | 397 | 397 | 1420 | 1420 |
Age at conception (years) | |||||||
< 20 | 14,636 (2.2) | 11 (2.7) | 32 (2.2) | 6 (1.5) | 11 (2.8) | 23 (1.6) | 31 (2.2) |
20-35 | 549,563 (82.0) | 310 (76.4) | 1114 (76.9) | 301 (75.8) | 303 (76.3) | 1109 (78.1) | 1088 (76.6) |
≥ 35 | 106,403 (15.9) | 85 (20.9) | 303 (20.9) | 90 (22.7) | 83 (20.9) | 288 (20.3) | 301 (21.2) |
Age at conception (years) | |||||||
Median (IQR) | 30 (26–33) | 30 (27–34) | 30 (27–34) | 31 (27–34) | 30 (27–34) | 31 (27–34) | 30 (27–34) |
Mean (SD) | 30.0 (4.9) | 30.7 (5.0) | 30.8 (4.9) | 31.1 (4.9) | 30.8 (5.0) | 31.0 (4.8) | 30.8 (4.9) |
Calendar year of conception | |||||||
2002-2008 | 426,697 (63.6) | 18 (4.4) | 60 (4.1) | 241 (60.7) | 18 (4.5) | 845 (59.5) | 60 (4.2) |
2009-2010 | 118,496 (17.7) | 376 (92.6) | 1335 (92.1) | 78 (19.6) | 367 (92.4) | 265 (18.7) | 1310 (92.3) |
2011-2013 | 125,409 (18.7) | 12 (3.0) | 54 (3.7) | 78 (19.6) | 12 (3.0) | 310 (21.8) | 50 (3.5) |
Unmarried | 357,106 (53.3) | 191 (47.0) | 663 (45.8) | 184 (46.3) | 185 (46.6) | 623 (43.9) | 645 (45.4) |
Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||||
< 18.5 | 24,336 (3.6) | 20 (4.9) | 46 (3.2) | 6 (1.5) | 20 (5.0) | 55 (3.9) | 46 (3.2) |
18.5- < 25.0 | 355,498 (53.0) | 238 (58.6) | 835 (57.6) | 204 (51.4) | 233 (58.7) | 766 (53.9) | 822 (57.9) |
25.0- < 30.0 | 118,521 (17.7) | 84 (20.7) | 305 (21.0) | 75 (18.9) | 83 (20.9) | 269 (18.9) | 300 (21.1) |
≥ 30 | 70,259 (10.5) | 54 (13.3) | 212 (14.6) | 48 (12.1) | 52 (13.1) | 166 (11.7) | 206 (14.5) |
Missing | 101,988 (15.2) | 10 (2.5) | 51 (3.5) | 64 (16.1) | 9 (2.3) | 164 (11.5) | 46 (3.2) |
Smoking | |||||||
No | 561,830 (83.8) | 351 (86.5) | 1258 (86.8) | 358 (90.2) | 351 (88.4) | 1275 (89.8) | 1258 (88.6) |
Yes | 95,528 (14.2) | 46 (11.3) | 162 (11.2) | 39 (9.8) | 46 (11.6) | 145 (10.2) | 162 (11.4) |
Missinga | 13,244 (2.0) | 9 (2.2) | 29 (2.0) | – | – | – | – |
Parity | |||||||
0 | 314,229 (46.9) | 136 (33.5) | 441 (30.4) | 122 (30.7) | 132 (33.2) | 415 (29.2) | 427 (30.1) |
1 | 242,531 (36.2) | 183 (45.1) | 637 (44.0) | 187 (47.1) | 179 (45.1) | 654 (46.1) | 627 (44.2) |
2 | 86,863 (13.0) | 64 (15.8) | 296 (20.4) | 67 (16.9) | 63 (15.9) | 270 (19.0) | 292 (20.6) |
> 2 | 26,979 (4.0) | 23 (5.7) | 75 (5.2) | 21 (5.3) | 23 (5.8) | 81 (5.7) | 74 (5.2) |
Prior delivery of a child with a malformation (since 1994) | 20,171 (3.0) | 16 (3.9) | 67 (4.6) | 19 (4.8) | 16 (4.0) | 72 (5.1) | 64 (4.5) |
Hospital history during 12 months before conceptionb | |||||||
At least one inpatient hospitalization | 124,627 (18.6) | 83 (20.4) | 334 (23.1) | 75 (18.9) | 79 (19.9) | 270 (19.0) | 327 (23.0) |
At least one visit to outpatient specialist clinic | 232,129 (34.6) | 169 (41.6) | 609 (42.0) | 155 (39.0) | 165 (41.6) | 570 (40.1) | 597 (42.0) |
At least one emergency room visit | 85,760 (12.8) | 80 (19.7) | 215 (14.8) | 69 (17.4) | 77 (19.4) | 180 (12.7) | 211 (14.9) |
Respiratory diseases | 33,405 (5.0) | 39 (9.6) | 90 (6.2) | 38 (9.6) | 39 (9.8) | 89 (6.3) | 89 (6.3) |
Cardiovascular disease | 7760 (1.2) | 7 (1.7) | 30 (2.1) | 5 (1.3) | 6 (1.5) | 15 (1.1) | 29 (2.0) |
Haematological disease | 2364 (0.4) | 5 (1.2) | 15 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (1.3) | 8 (0.6) | 15 (1.1) |
Diabetes | 10,590 (1.6) | 5 (1.2) | 38 (2.6) | 7 (1.8) | 5 (1.3) | 29 (2.0) | 37 (2.6) |
Neurological diseaseb | 5654 (0.8) | 5 (1.2) | 20 (1.4) | – | – | – | – |
Obesityc | 73,216 (10.9) | 56 (13.8) | 222 (15.3) | 49 (12.3) | 54 (13.6) | 174 (12.3) | 216 (15.2) |
Disorders of female pelvic organs/genital tract | 44,730 (6.7) | 32 (7.9) | 86 (5.9) | 25 (6.3) | 32 (8.1) | 70 (4.9) | 84 (5.9) |
Hospital contact for injury or poisoning | 60,037 (9.0) | 51 (12.6) | 148 (10.2) | 51 (12.8) | 50 (12.6) | 130 (9.2) | 144 (10.1) |
Use of prescription medication in the 12 months before conception | |||||||
Antidepressants | 34,293 (5.1) | 30 (7.4) | 115 (7.9) | 29 (7.3) | 29 (7.3) | 105 (7.4) | 109 (7.7) |
Drugs for ulcer/gastroesophageal reflux | 26,456 (3.9) | 27 (6.7) | 84 (5.8) | 18 (4.5) | 26 (6.5) | 80 (5.6) | 83 (5.8) |
Oral contraceptives | 243,936 (36.4) | 156 (38.4) | 534 (36.9) | 173 (43.6) | 153 (38.5) | 517 (36.4) | 523 (36.8) |
Drugs for in-vitro fertilization | 54,563 (8.1) | 43 (10.6) | 116 (8.0) | 35 (8.8) | 43 (10.8) | 103 (7.3) | 114 (8.0) |
Thyroid hormones | 7284 (1.1) | 8 (2.0) | 25 (1.7) | 8 (2.0) | 8 (2.0) | 31 (2.2) | 24 (1.7) |
Systemic corticosteroids | 13,005 (1.9) | 17 (4.2) | 49 (3.4) | 17 (4.3) | 16 (4.0) | 41 (2.9) | 49 (3.5) |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 98,907 (14.7) | 78 (19.2) | 268 (18.5) | 66 (16.6) | 77 (19.4) | 252 (17.7) | 261 (18.4) |
Opiates | 21,777 (3.2) | 18 (4.4) | 58 (4.0) | 17 (4.3) | 17 (4.3) | 76 (5.4) | 57 (4.0) |
Systemic anti-infective agents other than oseltamivir | 278,680 (41.6) | 195 (48.0) | 734 (50.7) | 189 (47.6) | 190 (47.9) | 740 (52.1) | 719 (50.6) |
Number of different drugs classes dispensed, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1-3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) |