Table 2 Risk factors associated with HIV-1 drug resistance

Age (years)

0, 806^a

 18–30

7 (10, 1)

11 (11, 5)

0, 90

0, 49 – 1, 66

 31–50

52 (75, 4)

68 (70, 8)

1, 00

–

  > 50

10 (14, 5)

17 (17, 7)

0, 85

0, 50 – 1, 46

Gender

0, 476^a

 Male

53 (76, 8)

69 (71, 9)

1, 17

0, 75 – 1, 81

 Female

16 (23, 2)

27 (28, 1)

1, 00

–

Viral subtype

0, 771^a

 B

50 (80, 6)

74 (78, 7)

1, 00

–

 No-B

12 (19, 4)

20 (21, 3)

0, 93

0, 57 – 1, 53

VL before ART (copies/ml)

0, 570^b

  ≤ 10.000

4 (7, 5)

3 (4, 3)

1, 00

–

  > 10.000 a 100.000

17 (32, 1)

27 (38, 6)

0, 68

0, 32 – 1, 42

  > 100.000

32 (60, 4)

40 (57, 1)

0, 78

0, 39 – 1, 55

CD4 before ART

0, 041^a

  < 200

40 (66, 7)

39 (49, 4)

1, 52

1, 00 – 2, 31

  ≥ 200

20 (33, 3)

40 (50, 6)

1,00

–

VL in virologic failure (copies/ml)

0, 042^a

  ≤ 10.000

15 (24, 6)

38 (71, 7)

1, 00

–

  > 10.000 a 100.000

34 (55, 7)

33 (36, 3)

1, 79

1,10 – 2, 92

  > 100.000

12 (19, 7)

20 (22, 0)

1,33

0,71 – 2, 46

CD4 in virologic failure

0, 011^a

  < 200

38 (59, 4)

33 (35, 9)

2, 04

1,18 – 3, 55

 200–350

15 (23, 4)

28 (30, 4)

1, 33

0, 69 – 2, 56

  > 350

11 (17, 2)

31 (33, 7)

1, 00

–

ART regímen at NRTI baseline

0, 189^a

 TDF

12 (17, 4)

25 (26, 0)

1, 00

–

 No-TDF

57 (82, 6)

71 (74, 0)

1, 37

0, 83 – 2, 27

Time to virologic failure (months)

0, 221^a

  < 12

13 (19, 4)

28 (30, 4)

1, 00

–

 12–24

25 (37, 3)

34 (37, 0)

1,3 4

0, 78 – 2, 29

  > 24

29 (43, 3)

30 (32, 6)

1, 55

0, 92 – 2, 60

Time on ART (months)

0, 003^a

  ≤ 36

13 (18, 8)

39 (40, 6)

1, 00

–

  > 36

56 (81, 2)

57 (59, 4)

1, 98

1, 19 – 3, 29