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Table 4 Sample’s characteristics according to the presence of no DM, prediabetes and DM, accessed by fasting glucose

From: Diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected patients: fasting glucose, A1c, or oral glucose tolerance test – which method to choose for the diagnosis?

  Fasting glucose P value
<100 mg/dL 100–126 mg/dL ≥126 mg/dL
n (%) 169 (76.8) 44 (20) 7 (3.2)  
Sex [n (%)]     0.049
 Male 103 (60.9) 23 (52.3) 7 (100)  
 Female 66 (39.1) 21 (47.7) 0 (0)  
Age [years, [median (IR)] 43 (15) 51.5 (15) 45 (14) 0.027
Duration of HIV infection [years, [median (IR)] 8 (6) 8 (5.8) 8 (6) 0.782
cART [years, [median (IR)] 6 (7) 6 (5.8) 8 (6) 0.408
Clinical lipodystrophy [n (%)]     0.082
 Without CL 76 (45) 27 (61.4) 2 (28.6)  
 With CL 93 (55) 17 (38.6) 5 (71.4)  
Body Composition [n (%)]     0.004
 No lipodystrophy 26 (15.8) 4 (9.8) 1 (14.3)  
 Isolated central fat accumulation 46 (27.9) 22 (53.7) 1 (14.3)  
 Lipoatrophy 52 (31.5) 6 (14.6) 0 (0)  
 Mixed form of lipodystrophy 41 (24.8) 9 (22) 5 (71.4)  
BMI [(kg/m2), [median (IR)] 24.4 (5.8) 26.1 (5.5) 26 (3.4) 0.052
Waist circumference [cm, [median (IR)] 88 (16.5) 95 (13.5) 95 (15) 0.005
CD4 cell count [cells/mm3, [median (IR)] 486 (344) 525 (298) 605 (382) 0.643
HIV RNA (<50) [n (%)] 151 (100) 35 (100) 6 (100)  
Hepatitis C co-infection [n (%)] 56 (33.5) 6 (14.3) 2 (28.6) 0.034
CDC clinical categories [n (%)]     0.398
 A 89 (52.7) 27 (61.4) 3 (42.9)  
 B 3 (1.8) 2 (4.5) 0 (0)  
 C 77 (45.6) 15 (34.1) 4 (57.1)  
ART [n (%)]     
 IP 96 (56.8) 23 (52.3) 4 (57.1) 0.885
 NNRTI 79 (46.7) 20 (45.5) 3 (42.9) 0.999
 NRTI 163 (96.4) 41 (93.2) 6 (85.7) 0.157
HOMA-IR index [median (IR)] 1.5 (1.3) 3.2 (2.6) 9.3 (6,8) < 0.001
QUICKI index [median (IR)] 0.4 (0.1) 0.3 (0.04) 0.3 (0.04) < 0.001
Total cholesterol [mg/dL, median (IR)] 220 (66) 240.5 (86) 234 (79) 0.061
LDL- cholesterol [mg/dL, median (IR)] 127 (67) 149 (62) 146 (74) 0.136
HDL- cholesterol [mg/dL, median (IR)] 47 (18) 49 (22) 41 (22) 0.651
Triglycerides [mg/dL, median (IR)] 189.5 (197.8) 214.5 (207.8) 184 (88) 0.975
Statin use [n (%)] 35 (20.7) 8 (18.2) 3 (42.9) 0.312
Fibrate use [n (%)] 50 (29.6) 15 (34.1) 0 (0) 0.200
  1. DM diabetes mellitus, CL clinical lipodystrophy, cART combination antiretroviral therapy, BMI body mass index, ART antiretroviral therapy, PI protease inhibitor, NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NRTI nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, HOMA homeostatic model assessment index, QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, SD standard deviation, IR interquartile range
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