Group B streptococcal colonization in mothers and infants in western China: prevalences and risk factors

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 3 Association between maternal characteristics and potential risk factors for neonatal GBS colonization

Variables	GBS colonization (n = 23) (n,%)	GBS negative (n = 3416) (n,%)	OR(95%CI)	P value
Maternal age (years)
18–39	23(100.0)	3264(95.6)	0.00(0.00–0.00)	0.996
≥40^a	0(0.0)	152(4.4)
Ethnic
Han-Zhuang^a	22(95.7)	3201(93.7)
Minority	1(4.3)	215(6.3)	0.68(0.09–5.05)	0.703
Education level
≤ 9 years of school^a	9(39.1)	1504(44.0)
10–12 years of school	10(43.5)	1173(34.3)	1.43(0.58–3.52)	0.443
≥ 13 years of school	4(17.4)	739(21.6)	0.91(0.28–2.95)	0.868
Current smoking
No^a	23(100.0)	3381(99.0)
Yes	0(0.0)	35(1.0)	0.00(0.0–0.0)	0.998
Previous miscarriage
No^a	23(100.0)	3114(91.2)
Yes	0(0.0)	302(8.8)	0.00(0.0–0.0)	0.998
Pregnancy-induced hypertension
No^a	31(91.3)	3254(95.3)
Yes	2(8.7)	162(4.7)	1.91(0.45–8.23)	0.384
Gestational diabetes
No^a	20(87.0)	2536(74.2)
Yes	3(13.0)	880(25.8)	0.43(0.13–1.46)	0.176
Parity
1-2^a	23(100.0)	3270(95.7)
≥ 3	0(0.0)	146(4.3)	0.00(0.0–0.0)	0.996
Cesarean section
No^a	18(78.3)	1844(54.0)
Yes	5(21.7)	1572(46.0)	0.33(0.12–0.88)	0.027
Episiotomy
No^a	14(60.9)	2764(80.9)
Yes	9(39.1)	652(19.1)	2.73(1.17–6.32)	0.020
Membrane rupture
< 11 hours^a	15(65.2)	3376(98.8)
≥ 12 h	8(34.8)	40(1.2)	45.01(18.06–112.16)	< 0.001
Length of labor
< 4 hours^a	11(47.8)	3165(92.7)
≥ 4 hours	12(52.2)	251(7.3)	13.75(6.01–31.48)	< 0.001
Maternal previous antibiotic use
No^a	23(100.0)	3316(97.1)
Yes	0(0.0)	100(2.9)	0.00(0.0–0.0)	0.997
Gestational age
Full-term≥37weeks^a	21(91.3)	3041(89.0)
Preterm< 37 weeks	2(8.7)	375(11.0)	0.77(0.18–3.31)	0.728
Maternal GBS colonization
No^a	7(30.4)	3222(94.3)
Yes	16(69.6)	194(5.7)	37.96(15.44–93.36)	< 0.001

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