Table 1 Characteristics and distribution of high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection among women living in mid-western rural Nepal N = 998
Characteristics | Number (%) | HR-HPV (f/n) | HR-HPV (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
 20–29 | 403 (40.4) | 58/403 | 14.4 |
 30–39 | 351 (35.2) | 23/351 | 6.5 |
 40–49 | 192 (19.2) | 26/192 | 13.5 |
 50–59 | 42 (4.2) | 5/42 | 11.9 |
 Above 60 | 10 (1.0) | 3/10 | 30 |
 Mean ± SD | 32.6 ± 8.6 |  |  |
Marital age | |||
 ≤ 15 | 393 (39.4) | 41/393 | 10.4 |
 16–20 | 513 (51.4) | 62/513 | 12.1 |
 21–25 | 61 (6.1) | 5/61 | 8.2 |
 ≥  26 | 31 (3.1) | 7/31 | 22.6 |
 Mean ± SD | 16.7 ± 3.8 |  |  |
Number of pregnancy | |||
 0 | 35 (3.5) | 0/35 | 0 |
 1–2 | 278 (27.9) | 30/278 | 10.8 |
 3–4 | 425 (42.5) | 44/425 | 10.3 |
 ≥  5 | 260 (26.1) | 41/260 | 15.7 |
Number of children | |||
 0 | 42 (4.2) | 3/42 | 7.1 |
 1–2 | 470 (47.1) | 39/470 | 8.3 |
 3–4 | 411 (41.2) | 54/411 | 13.1 |
 ≥  5 | 75 (7.5) | 19/75 | 25.3 |
Education | |||
 Illiterate | 410 (41.1) | 49/410 | 11.9 |
 Literate | 588 (58.9) | 66/588 | 11.2 |
Education level (n = 588) |  |  |  |
 Informal education | 295 (50.2) | 24/295 | 8.1 |
 Primary level | 98 (16.7) | 7/98 | 7.1 |
 Secondary level | 101 (17.2) | 21/101 | 20.8 |
 Higher secondary level and above | 94 (15.9) | 14/94 | 14.9 |
Smoking | |||
 Smoker | 158 (15.8) | 14/158 | 8.8 |
 Non-smoker | 840 (84.2) | 101/840 | 12.0 |
Participant’s multiple marriage/ sexual partners | |||
 Present | 70 (7.0) | 5/70 | 7.1 |
 Absent | 928 (93.0) | 110/928 | 11.8 |
Husband’s multiple marriage / sexual partners | |||
 Present | 118 (11.8) | 23/118 | 19.5 |
 Absent | 880 (88.2) | 92/880 | 10.4 |
Oral contraceptives use | |||
 Users | 95 (9.5) | 5/95 | 5.3 |
 Non-users | 903 (90.5) | 110/903 | 12.2 |
Co-morbidity (n = 148) | |||
 Sexually transmitted infection | 143 (14.3) | 19/143 | 13.3 |
 Human immunodeficiency virus | 5 (0.5) | 3/5 | 60 |