Immunologic and virological response to ART among HIV infected individuals at a tertiary hospital in Ghana

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 3 Bivariate and multivariate analysis for participants with CD4 < 350 cells/mm³ after 6 months on ART (N = 173)

Variable	CD4 < 350, {n (%)}	OR (95% CI)	P value	^aaOR (95% CI)	P value
Age
18–30	13 (7.5)	–
31–60	144 (83.2)	1.1 (0.5–2.3)	0.81	1.2 (0.5–2.9)	0.76
> 60	16 (9.3)	1.5 (0.5–4.1)	0.44	1.3 (0.4–5.6)	0.48
Gender
Male	44 (25.4)	–
Female	129 (74.6)	0.8 (0.4–1.1)	0.12	0.7 (0.4–1.3)	0.33
Employment
Unemployed	34 (19.7)	–
Unskilled employment	129 (74.6)	0.6 (0.3–0.9)	0.04	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	0.16
Skilled employment	10 (5.8)	0.4 (0.2–1.2)	0.09	0.2 (0.1–0.7)	*0.01*
Place of residence
Urban	56 (32.4)	–
Rural	117 (67.6)	1.7 (1.1–2.5)	0.02	1.5 (0.9–2.5)	0.11
WHO clinical Stage before starting ART
1 & 2	40 (23.1)	–
3 & 4	133 (76.9)	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	0.16	1.2 (0.7–2.3)	0.36
Tuberculosis Diagnosis
No	165 (95.4)	–
Yes	8 (4.6)	2.4 (0.7–8.2)	0.15	8.5 (1.1–73.0)	*0.05*
ART regimen
First line	156 (90.2)	–
Second line	17 (9.8)	1.9 (0.9–4.2)	0.11	1.6 (0.7–3.8)	0.29
Plasma viral load after 6 months on ART (N = 139)
≤ 1000 copies/ml	53 (38.1)	–
> 1000 copies/ml	86 (61.9)	2.2 (1.4–3.6)	0.001	2.0 (1.2–3.2)	*0.01*
Educational level
None to primary	85 (49.1)	–
Up to secondary (senior high)	79 (45.7)	1.1 (0.8–1.7)	0.52
Tertiary	9 (5.2)	0.9 (0.3–2.1)	0.73
HIV type
1 alone	168 (97.1)	–
1 & 2	5 (2.9)	2.0 (0.5–8.5)	0.34

P-values in bold and italicized shows variables with evidence of association in bi-variate and multivariate analysis
^amodel included age, gender, occupation, residence, WHO clinical stage at starting ART, History of TB diagnosis since starting ART, ART regimen and plasma viral load after 6 months on ART

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