Table 1 Studies reporting estimated geographical dispersal potential from Q fever infected farms

[40]

Switzerland

1983

Rural

Sheep flocks

850-900 sheep

1 - 2 km

[32]^a

Germany

2005

Urban

Gestating ewes

30 ewes

< 500 m; 60 m 14.7% +

[31]^a

Germany

2005

Urban

Sheep farm

500 ewes; 35 lambing

11.8% attack rate within 50 m; 1.3% in the area 350 - 400 m

[29]^a

Netherlands

2006-10

Urban (contaminated land parcels)

Goat manure

N/A

0 - 2.5 km: 52% +; 2.5 - 5 km: 30% +

[44]

France

2007

Rural

Sheep and goats

N/A

5 km

[61]

Netherlands

2007-9

Urban

Dairy goat farms

432-2653 goats

2 km

[24]^a

Netherlands

2007-10

Urban

Dairy goat farms

> 50 goats

Most risk 0.5 - 1 km; acceptable risk of 50 cases per 100,000 for < 3 km

[30]^a

Netherlands

2007-10

Urban

Dairy goat farms

N/A

Most risk < 4.1 km

[17]

Netherlands

2007-11

Urban

Multiple species regression

N/A

5 km

[25]

Netherlands

2008

Urban

Dairy goat farm

> 400 goats

2 km

[26]^a

Netherlands

2009

Rural / Urban

Dairy goat farm

791 goats

Most risk < 5 km

[62]

Netherlands

2009

Urban

Three dairy goat farms

791 - 1295 goats

0.3 - 1.5 km

[63]

Netherlands

2009

Urban

Goats

2251-20,960 goats

5 km

[43]

Netherlands

2009

Urban

Dairy goat farm

450 pregnant goats

> 5 km

[64]

Netherlands

2009

Urban

Dairy goat farms and meat sheep farms

N/A

> 5 km

[27]^a

Netherlands

2009

Urban

Dairy goat farms

N/A

1 km: 71% +; 5 km: 18% +; 10 km: 3% +

[28]^a

Netherlands

2011

Urban (air samples 1-year post outbreak)

Goat farms

N/A

91 m: 56% +; 591 m: 25% +

[42]

Hungary

2013

Rural

Merino sheep flock

450 ewes

> 10 km