Molecular epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains circulating in Indonesia using multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) techniques

Table 1 Characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains Collected from Yogyakarta, Jakarta, and Denpasar, Indonesia (2014) and from Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2012–2015)^a

Variables	Indonesian strains n (%)	Dutch strains n (%)
Total number of strains	78 (100.0)	119 (100.0)
City of strains collection
Yogyakarta	44 (56.4)	0 (0.0)
Jakarta	25 (32.1)	0 (0.0)
Denpasar	9 (11.5)	0 (0.0)
Amsterdam	0 (0.0)	119 (100.0)
Year of strains collection
2012	0 (0.0)	21 (17.6)
2013	0 (0.0)	32 (26.9)
2014	78 (100.0)	45 (37.8)
2015	0 (0.0)	21 (17.6)
Risk group of participants
Heterosexual males	5 (6.4)	6 (5.0)
Heterosexual females	30 (38.5)	10 (8.4)
MSM^b	43 (55.1)	103 (86.6)
Age group of participants
16–24 years	22 (28.2)	28 (23.5)
25–34 years	34 (43.6)	39 (32.8)
35–44 years	16 (20.5)	24 (20.2)
≥ 45 years	6 (7.7)	28 (23.5)
MLVA clusters^c
Cluster A	16 (20.5)	0 (0.0)
Cluster B	7 (9.0)	1 (0.8)
Cluster C/D	13 (16.7)	1 (0.8)
Cluster E	10 (12.8)	0 (0.0)
Cluster F	7 (9.0)	0 (0.0)
Cluster G	9 (11.5)	0 (0.0)
Cluster H	0 (0.0)	10 (8.4)
Cluster I	0 (0.0)	5 (4.2)
Non-clustered strains^d	16 (20.5)	102 (85.7)
NG-MAST genogroups^e
G1407	40 (51.3)	5 (4.2)
G21	0 (0.0)	15 (12.6)
G2400	0 (0.0)	7 (5.9)
G2992	13 (16.7)	23 (19.3)
G359	5 (6.4)	0 (0.0)
G5624	2 (2.6)	9 (7.6)
G9276	10 (12.8)	4 (3.4)
Other genogroups^f	8 (10.3)	49 (41.2)
Unknown (data were missing/not available)	0 (0.0)	7 (5.9)

^aNumbers were rounded to one decimal position. Therefore, the total percentage may not add up to be exactly 100% (may become 100.1% or 99.9%)
^bmen who have sex with men (including transwomen who did not undergo genital reassignment surgery;
^cMLVA = Multiple-Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) Analysis, a cluster was defined as a group of five strains or more that had a difference in at most one VNTR locus identified in a minimum spanning tree using a combined data of MLVA profiles of Indonesian and Dutch strains, assigned capital letters;
^da non-clustered strain was defined as a strain which was not grouped in a cluster;
^ea grouping based on Neisseria gonorrhoeae Multiantigen Sequence Typing (see Material and Methods section);
^fgenogroups consisting of <5 strains

ISSN: 1471-2334