Table 2 Characteristics of patients at time of presentation with symptoms of cystitis or pyelonephritis and their association with positivity of uropathogens in the study area
Characteristics | Â | The frequency (%) of occurrence of clinical symptoms | The prevalence (%) of UTI | P-value | X2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical symptoms | Â | Â | Â | Positive | Negative | Â | Â |
Fever | Yes | 165 (43) | 155 (44.8) | 10 (26.3) | 0.002* | 9.287 | |
No | 219 (57) | 191 (55.2) | 28 (73.7) | Â | Â | ||
Dysuria | Yes | 73 (19) | 66 (19.1) | 7 (18.4) | 0.494 | 0.468 | |
No | 311 (81) | 280 (80.9) | 31 (81.6) | Â | Â | ||
Urgency | Yes | 265 (69) | 250 (72.3) | 15 (39.5) | 0.000* | 20.69 | |
No | 119 (31) | 96 (27.7) | 23 (60.5) | Â | Â | ||
Frequency | Yes | 231 (60.2) | 210 (60.7) | 21 (53.3) | 0.010* | 6.597 | |
No | 153 (39.8) | 136 (39.3) | 17 (44.7) | Â | Â | ||
Flank pain | Yes | 220 (57.3) | 200 (57.8) | 20 (52.6) | 0.066 | 3.385 | |
No | 164 (42.7) | 146 (42.2) | 18 (47.4) | Â | Â | ||
Supra-pubic pain | Yes | 266 (69.3) | 262 (75.7) | 4 (10.5) | 0.000* | 39.917 | |
No | 118 (30.7) | 84 (24.3) | 34 (89.5) | Â | Â | ||
| Â | Age categories (year) | No of positive (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Female | Male | Total | Â | Â | Â | ||
Age | <18 | 9 (2.34) | 1 (0.26) | 10 (2.6) | Â | Â | Â |
18–29 | 86 (22.4) | 29 (7.55) | 115 (29.94) |  |  |  | |
30–45 | 58 (15.1) | 29 (7.55) | 87 (22.65) |  |  |  | |
>45 | 90 (23.43) | 44 (11.45) | 134 (34.89) | Â | Â | Â | |
Total | 243 (63.3) | 103 (26.8) | 346 (90.1) | Â | Â | Â | |
Urinalysis and urine microscopy | Â | No of positive | No of negative | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Leucocyte esterase | 384 (100) | – |  |  |  |  | |
Nitrite | 340 (88.5) | 44 (11.5) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Bacteruria | 346 (90.1) | 38 (9.9) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Pyuria | 346 (90.1) | 38 (9.9) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
MacConkey Agar | 346 (90.1) | 38 (9.9) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Blood Agar | 340 (88.5) | 44 (11.5) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |