Factors contributing to anaemia after uncomplicated falciparum malaria in under five year-old Nigerian children ten years following adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapies as first-line antimalarials

Table 5 Predictors of drug-attributable falls in haematocrit (DAFH) in excess of 4% in <5 year-old children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria following artemisinin-based combination treatments

Variable	Total no.	No. with DAFH >4%	OR (95% CI)	P value	AOR (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Female	323	152	1
Male	395	181	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.15	–	–
Age (month)
> 15	627	291	1
≤ 15	88	40	1.0 (0.6–1.5)	0.96	–	–
Duration of illness (day)
≤ 2	235	125	1
> 2	262	122	0.8 (0.5–1.1)	0.17	–	–
Enrolment body temperature (°C)
< 38	389	159	1		1
≥ 38	330	175	1.6 (1.2–2.2)	0.001	1.3 (1.0–1.8)	0.09
History of fever at enrolment
Absent	109	26	1		1
Present	610	308	3.3 (2.0–5.2)	< 0.0001	3.0 (1.8–4.9)	<0.0001
Fever on day 1
Absent	611	267	1		1
Present	91	58	2.3 (1.4–3.6)	0.001	1.8 (1.1–2.9)	0.02
Haematocrit (%)
< 37	641	271	1		1
≥ 37	78	63	5.7 (3.2–10.3)	< 0.0001	5.5 (3.0–10.2)	<0.0001
Parasitaemia (μL⁻¹)
≤ 100,000	631	227	1		1
> 100,000	85	55	2.3 (1.5–3.8)	< 0.0001	2.1 (1.3–3.5)	0.004
Parasitaemia on day 1
Absent	288	133	1
Present	431	201	1.0 (0.8–1.4)	0.84	–	–
Gametocytaemia (D0)
Present	31	7	1		1
Absent	688	327	3.1 (1.3–7.3)	0.01	1.7 (0.5–5.8)	0.36
Gametocyteamia (within D0–7)
Present	61	16	1		1
Absent	658	318	2.6 (1.5–4.7)	0.001	1.4 (0.6–3.3)	0.44
Parasite clearance time (day)
≤ 2	563	259	1
> 2	155	75	1.1 (0.8–1.6)	0.66	–	–
Fever clearance time (day)
≤ 2	455	223	1
> 2	19	10	1.2 (0.5–2.9)	0.94	–	–
Season of enrolment
Dry (November–March)	43	16	1
Wet (April–October)	676	318	1.5 (0.8–2.8)	0.27	–	–
Drug treatment
DHP	251	120	1
AL	234	113	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	0.99	–	–
AA	234	101	0.8 (0.6–1.2)	0.35

OR odd ratio; AOR adjusted odd ratio, CI confidence interval, DAFH drug-attributable fall in haematocrit, DHP dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, AL artemether-lumefantrine, AA artesunate-amodiaquine

ISSN: 1471-2334