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Table 3 Predictors of progression from normal haematocrit pre-treatment to anaemia within one week post-initiation of artemisinin-based combination treatments in <5 year-old children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria
| Variable | Total no. | No. with anaemia 1 week post-initiation of ACTs | OR (95% CI) | P value | AOR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 278 | 132 | 1 | |||
| Male | 325 | 168 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.34 | – | – |
| Age (month) | ||||||
| > 15 | 541 | 255 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≤ 15 | 58 | 42 | 2.9 (1.6–5.4) | < 0.0001 | 2.5 (1.4–4.7) | 0.003 |
| Duration of illness (day) | ||||||
| ≤ 2 | 203 | 101 | 1 | |||
| > 2 | 192 | 100 | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 1.0 | – | – |
| Enrolment body temperature (°C) | ||||||
| ≤ 37.4 | 214 | 104 | 1 | |||
| > 37.4 | 390 | 197 | 1.1 (1.0–1.9) | 0.71 | – | – |
| History of fever at enrolment | ||||||
| Absent | 99 | 39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Present | 505 | 262 | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) | 0.03 | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | 0.01 |
| Fever on day 1 | ||||||
| Absent | 501 | 255 | 1 | |||
| Present | 70 | 38 | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 0.69 | – | – |
| Haematocrit (%) | ||||||
| > 35 | 140 | 42 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≤ 35 | 464 | 259 | 2.9 (2.0–4.4) | < 0.0001 | 2.9 (1.9–4.4) | <0.0001 |
| Parasitaemia (μL−1) | ||||||
| ≤ 50,000 | 434 | 213 | 1 | |||
| > 50,000 | 166 | 87 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.52 | – | – |
| Parasitaemia on day 1 | ||||||
| Absent | 244 | 111 | 1 | |||
| Present | 360 | 190 | 1.3 (1.0–1.9) | 0.09 | – | – |
| Parasitaemia day 1 or 2 | ||||||
| Absent | 233 | 104 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Present | 371 | 197 | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 0.04 | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 0.11 |
| Gametocytaemia | ||||||
| Absent | 579 | 289 | 1 | |||
| Present | 25 | 12 | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | 1.0 | – | – |
| Parasite clearance time (day) | ||||||
| ≤ 2 | 468 | 234 | 1 | |||
| > 2 | 136 | 67 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.96 | – | – |
| Fever clearance time (day) | ||||||
| ≤ 2 | 367 | 186 | 1 | |||
| > 2 | 13 | 9 | 1.9 (0.9–4.3) | 0.13 | – | – |
| Season of enrolment | ||||||
| Dry (November–March) | 45 | 17 | 1 | |||
| Wet (April–October) | 559 | 284 | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 0.13 | – | – |
| Drug treatment | ||||||
| DHP | 226 | 110 | 1 | |||
| AL | 191 | 101 | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.49 | – | – |
| AA | 187 | 90 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.0 | ||
