Factors contributing to anaemia after uncomplicated falciparum malaria in under five year-old Nigerian children ten years following adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapies as first-line antimalarials

Table 3 Predictors of progression from normal haematocrit pre-treatment to anaemia within one week post-initiation of artemisinin-based combination treatments in <5 year-old children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria

Variable	Total no.	No. with anaemia 1 week post-initiation of ACTs	OR (95% CI)	P value	AOR (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Female	278	132	1
Male	325	168	0.8 (0.6–1.2)	0.34	–	–
Age (month)
> 15	541	255	1		1
≤ 15	58	42	2.9 (1.6–5.4)	< 0.0001	2.5 (1.4–4.7)	0.003
Duration of illness (day)
≤ 2	203	101	1
> 2	192	100	1.0 (0.7–1.6)	1.0	–	–
Enrolment body temperature (°C)
≤ 37.4	214	104	1
> 37.4	390	197	1.1 (1.0–1.9)	0.71	–	–
History of fever at enrolment
Absent	99	39	1		1
Present	505	262	1.7 (1.1–2.6)	0.03	1.8 (1.1–2.9)	0.01
Fever on day 1
Absent	501	255	1
Present	70	38	1.1 (0.7–1.9)	0.69	–	–
Haematocrit (%)
> 35	140	42	1		1
≤ 35	464	259	2.9 (2.0–4.4)	< 0.0001	2.9 (1.9–4.4)	<0.0001
Parasitaemia (μL⁻¹)
≤ 50,000	434	213	1
> 50,000	166	87	1.1 (0.8–1.6)	0.52	–	–
Parasitaemia on day 1
Absent	244	111	1
Present	360	190	1.3 (1.0–1.9)	0.09	–	–
Parasitaemia day 1 or 2
Absent	233	104	1		1
Present	371	197	1.4 (1.0–2.0)	0.04	1.3 (0.9–1.9)	0.11
Gametocytaemia
Absent	579	289	1
Present	25	12	0.9 (0.4–2.1)	1.0	–	–
Parasite clearance time (day)
≤ 2	468	234	1
> 2	136	67	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	0.96	–	–
Fever clearance time (day)
≤ 2	367	186	1
> 2	13	9	1.9 (0.9–4.3)	0.13	–	–
Season of enrolment
Dry (November–March)	45	17	1
Wet (April–October)	559	284	1.7 (0.9–3.2)	0.13	–	–
Drug treatment
DHP	226	110	1
AL	191	101	1.2 (0.8–1.7)	0.49	–	–
AA	187	90	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	1.0

OR odd ratio, AOR adjusted odd ratio, CI confidence interval, DHP dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, AL artemether-lumefantrine, AA artesunate-amodiaquine, ACTs artemisinin-based combination treatments

ISSN: 1471-2334