A higher CD4/CD8 ratio correlates with an ultralow cell-associated HIV-1 DNA level in chronically infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: a case control study

Table 2 Factors associated with an ultralow HIV-1 DNA level (<20 copies/10⁶ PBMCs) at week 96

Variables		Univariate			Multivariate
	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P
Sex			0.100			0.092
Male	1.00			1.00
Female	2.42	(0.85–6.93)		3.40	(0.82–14.15)
Age (years)	1.01	(0.96–1.07)	0.633
Time from diagnosis to ART (months)	0.98	(0.94–1.01)	0.183
Transmission route			0.857
Homosexual	1.00
Heterosexual	1.36	(0.44–4.27)
Others	1.42	(0.20–9.82)
HIV-1 subtype			0.717
AE	1.00
B/C/BC	1.48	(0.37–5.96)	0.584
Others	1.68	(0.48–5.95)	0.418
ART therapy			0.477
AZT/d4T + 3TC + NVP	1.00
TDF + 3TC + EFV	0.67	(0.22–2.04)
Plasma viral load at enrollment (log copies/mL)	0.71	(0.36–1.41)	0.330
HIV-1 DNA at enrollment (log copies/10⁶ PBMCs)	0.72	(0.17–3.11)	0.656
CD4⁺ T-cell count at enrollment (cells/μL)	1.00	(1.00–1.01)	0.134
Nadir CD4⁺ T-cell count (cells/μL)	1.00	(1.00–1.01)	0.129
CD8⁺ T-cell count at enrollment (cells/μL)	1.00	(1.00–1.00)	0.528
CD4/CD8 ratio at enrollment	1.19	(0.95–1.48)	0.124
Plasma viral load at week 96			0.808
Undetectable	1.00
Viremia	0.75	(0.07–7.66)
CD4⁺ T-cell count at week 96 (cells/μL)	1.00	(1.00–1.00)	0.709
CD8⁺ T-cell count at week 96 (cells/μL)	0.99	(0.99–0.99)^a	0.018	1.00	(0.99–1.00)	0.462
CD4/CD8 ratio at week 96 (per 0.1 increase)	1.28	(1.05–1.55)	0.014	1.29	(1.05–1.59)	0.017

OR Odds ratio, CI confidence interval, ART Antiretroviral therapy, PBMCs Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
^a, 0.993~0.999

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