| |
Total, n = 2617
|
15–64 y, n = 580
|
65–74 y, n = 447
|
75–84 y, n = 848
|
85 y+, n = 742
|
|---|
| |
No. death/no. cases (% mortality)
|
ARRa (95% CI)
|
No. death/no. cases (% mortality)
|
ARRa (95% CI)
|
No. death/no. cases (% mortality)
|
ARRa (95% CI)
|
No. death/no. cases (% mortality)
|
ARRa (95% CI)
|
No. death/no. cases (% mortality)
|
ARRa (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
HRV
|
14/234 (6.0)
|
0.86 (0.51–1.45)
|
2/63 (3.2)
|
1.60 (0.38–6.65)
|
3/37 (8.1)
|
1.16 (0.38–3.59)
|
3/66 (4.6)
|
0.55 (0.17–1.74)
|
6/68 (8.8)
|
0.87 (0.40–1.93)
|
|
Inf A/B
|
10/110 (9.1)
|
1.13 (0.60–2.13)
|
1/25 (4.0)
|
1.74 (0.17–17.74)
|
1/15 (6.7)
|
1.03 (0.12–8.86)
|
3/31 (9.7)
|
0.93 (0.29–2.99)
|
5/39 (12.8)
|
1.44 (0.58–3.61)
|
|
Paramyxovirus (RSV/hMPV/PIV1–4)
|
5/212 (2.4)
|
0.29 (0.12–0.71)
|
0/35 (0.0)
|
0.00 (0.00–0.00)
|
1/40 (2.5)
|
0.41 (0.06–3.01)
|
3/70 (4.3)
|
0.44 (0.14–1.39)
|
1/67 (1.5)
|
0.15 (0.02–1.05)
|
|
Other viruses (HAdV/HBoV/HCoV)
|
2/18 (11.1)
|
1.62 (0.42–6.18)
|
1/6 (16.7)
|
4.30 (0.63–29.53)
|
0/3 (0.0)
|
0.00 (0.00–0.00)
|
1/7 (14.3)
|
1.66 (0.26–10.64)
|
0/2 (0.0)
|
0.00 (0.00–0.00)
|
|
Multiple viruses
|
4/31 (12.9)
|
1.69 (0.67–4.27)
|
0/8 (0.0)
|
0.00 (0.00–0.00)
|
1/7 (14.3)
|
2.63 (0.37–18.75)
|
0/6 (0.0)
|
0.00 (0.00–0.00)
|
3/10 (30.0)
|
2.72 (0.88–8.46)
|
|
No virus
|
158/2012 (7.9)
|
Reference
|
15/443 (3.4)
|
Reference
|
25/345 (7.3)
|
Reference
|
62/668 (9.3)
|
Reference
|
56/556 (10.1)
|
Reference
|
| | |
ARRb(95% CI)
| |
ARRb(95% CI)
| |
ARRb(95% CI)
| |
ARRb(95% CI)
| |
ARRb(95% CI)
|
|
Only viruses
|
19/359 (5.3)
|
0.66 (0.41–1.07)
|
2/71 (2.8)
|
0.96 (0.18–5.02)
|
1/56 (1.8)
|
0.27 (0.03–2.20)
|
7/111 (6.3)
|
0.70 (0.32–1.56)
|
9/121 (7.4)
|
0.68 (0.34–1.39)
|
|
Only bacterial pathogens
|
51/746 (6.8)
|
0.90 (0.65–1.25)
|
5/199 (2.5)
|
0.82 (0.28–2.42)
|
10/148 (6.8)
|
1.02 (0.48–2.17)
|
21/219 (9.6)
|
1.05 (0.64–1.74)
|
15/180 (8.3)
|
0.76 (0.43–1.35)
|
|
Viral-bacterial co-infection
|
16/246 (6.5)
|
0.85 (0.51–1.41)
|
2/66 (3.0)
|
1.31 (0.25–6.80)
|
5/46 (10.9)
|
1.75 (0.67–4.60)
|
3/69 (4.4)
|
0.46 (0.14–1.49)
|
6/65 (9.2)
|
0.85 (0.37–1.94)
|
|
No viral or bacterial pathogens
|
107/1266 (8.5)
|
Reference
|
10/244 (4.1)
|
Reference
|
15/197 (7.6)
|
Reference
|
41/449 (9.1)
|
Reference
|
41/376 (10.9)
|
Reference
|
-
ARR adjusted risk ratio, CI confidence interval, HRV human rhinovirus, InfA influenza A virus, RSV respiratory syncytial virus, PIV1–4 human parainfluenza virus type 1–4, HMPV human metapneumovirus, InfB influenza B virus, HCoV human coronavirus (229E/OC43), HAdV human adenovirus, HBoV human bocavirus
-
aAdjusted for age, study site, comorbidity status, duration of symptoms, month of diagnosis, antibiotic use, and presence of bacteria
-
bAdjusted for age, study site, comorbidity status, duration of symptoms, month of diagnosis, and antibiotic use
