ICU-treated influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 infections more severe post pandemic than during 2009 pandemic: a retrospective analysis

Table 1 Demographic data of pandemic and postpandemic patients

Variables	2009–2010 Pandemic (n = 16)	2012–2016 Postpandemic (n = 60)	p value
Male sex	8 (50)	42 (70)	0.15
Age, years	43 (32–53)	60 (50–65)	< 0.001
BMI	29.7 (24.0–36.1)	27.1 (24.5–32.4)	0.55
BMI 30–40	6 (37)	13 (22)
BMI > 40	2 (12.5)	6 (10.2)	0.4
Chronic underlying disease	14 (87.5)	49 (83)	0.7
Cardiovascular	1 (6.3)	24 (40)	0.015
COPD/asthma	5 (31,3)	18 (30.0)	>0.9
Diabetes	6 (37.5)	9 (15.0)	0.07
Malignancy or immuno- suppressive medication^a	1 (6.3)	9 (15.0)	0.7
Epilepsy or other neurological disease	6 (37.5)	5 (8.3)	0.009
APACHE II score on admission	14 (10–17)	17 (13–22)	0.002
SAPS II score on admission	31 (25–35)	40 (31–51)	0.002
SOFA score on admission	5 (3–7)	6 (3–9)	0.31
SOFA score max	5 (4–9)	9 (5–12)	0.03
TISS score	34 (28–42)	39 (28–53)	0.40
LOS in ICU, days	1.9 (1.1–4.8)	4.3 (2.3–10.7)	0.31
LOS in hospital, days	8.2 (4.6–10)	13.0 (6.9–23.3)	0.009
ICU mortality	0	6 (10)	0.33
Hospital mortality	0	10 (16.7)	0.11
6-month mortality	2 (12.5)	15 (25)	0.5

APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, BMI body mass index, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, TISS Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System
^alymphoma, n = 2; leukemia, n = 2; carcinoma, n = 1; long-lasting immunosuppressive medication, n = 5
Values are presented as median (25th–75th percentile) or number (percentage) of patients. Chronic underlying diseases included previously diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, chronic hepatic disease, chronic renal disease, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, diabetes, and malignancy or immunosuppressive medication. Some patients had more than one chronic underlying disease

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