Table 1 Comparison of demographical, clinical and microbiological characteristics between patients initially recruited by General Practitioners (GPs) with at least a nasopharyngeal swab (N = 574) and patients included in the study as presenting a nasopharyngeal swab and a stool specimen (N = 331)
Characteristics | Patients with at least a nasopharyngeal sample N (%) | Patients with nasopharyngeal and stool sample N (%) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of samples | 574 | 331 | |
Male | 268 (46.7) | 154 (46.5) | P > 0.05 |
Mean age [Min-Max] | 35.9 [1-91] | 35.8 [1 - 91] | P > 0.05 |
0-4 y | 38 (6.6) | 25 (7.5) | P > 0.05 |
5-14 y | 66 (11.5) | 59 (17.8) | P > 0.05 |
15-44 y | 241 (42) | 122 (36.8) | P > 0.05 |
45-64 y | 141 (24.6) | 86 (26) | P > 0.05 |
≥ 65 y | 66 (11.5) | 39 (11.8) | P > 0.05 |
Vaccination against influenza | 51 (8.9) | 36 (10.9) | P > 0.05 |
Travel (<15 days) | 29 (5) | 20 (6) | P > 0.05 |
Risk factor | 223 (38.8) | 124 (37.5) | P > 0.05 |
Chronic disease | 189 (32.9) | 106 (32) | P > 0.05 |
Depression | 51 (8.9) | 26 (7.8) | P > 0.05 |
Hospitalization | 35 (6.1) | 20 (6) | P > 0.05 |
Digestive disorders <7 days | 103 (17.9) | 59 (17.8) | P > 0.05 |
Symptoms | |||
High Fever (>39 °C) | 275 (47.9) | 156 (47.1) | P > 0.05 |
Asthenia | 507 (88.3) | 288 (87) | P > 0.05 |
Myalgia | 431 (75.1) | 243 (73.1) | P > 0.05 |
Headaches | 424 (73.9) | 244 (73.1) | P > 0.05 |
Otitis | 62 (10.8) | 28 (8.5) | P > 0.05 |
Dyspnea | 127 (22.1) | 73 (22) | P > 0.05 |
Cough | 510 (88.8) | 299 (90.3) | P > 0.05 |
Expectoration | 196 (31.2) | 103 (31.1) | P > 0.05 |
Rhinitis | 426 (74.2) | 251 (75.8) | P > 0.05 |
Pharyngitis | 338 (58.9) | 198 (59.8) | P > 0.05 |
Hyperemia | 150 (26.1) | 81 (24.5) | P > 0.05 |
Adenopathy | 66 (11.5) | 35 (10.6) | P > 0.05 |
Dehydration | 6 (1) | 4 (1.2) | P > 0.05 |
Gastrointestinal symptoms (SGI) | 327 (57) | 189 (57.1) | P > 0.05 |
Diarrhea | 84 (14.6) | 47 (14) | P > 0.05 |
Vomiting | 66 (11.5) | 28 (8.5) | P > 0.05 |
Nausea | 195 (34) | 105 (31.7) | P > 0.05 |
Abdominal pain | 197 (34.3) | 113 (34.1) | P > 0.05 |
Food consumption | |||
Raw shellfish and molluscs | 37 (6.4) | 25 (7.5) | P > 0.05 |
Cooked shellfish and molluscs | 51 (8.9) | 31 (9.4) | P > 0.05 |
Tap water | 351 (61.5) | 198 (59.8) | P > 0.05 |
Drug consumption before consultation | |||
Antibiotics | 29 (5) | 17 (5.1) | P > 0.05 |
Antiviral | 16 (2.8) | 8 (2.4) | P > 0.05 |
Anti-inflammatory | 86 (14.9) | 46 (13.9) | P > 0.05 |
Antipyretics | 331 (57.7) | 189 (57.1) | P > 0.05 |
Other drugs | 104 (18.1) | 64 (19.3) | P > 0.05 |
Drug prescription after consultation | |||
Antibiotics | 104 (18.1) | 57 (17.2) | P > 0.05 |
Antiviral | 48 (8.4) | 24 (7.2) | P > 0.05 |
Antipyretics | 473 (82.4) | 271 (81.9) | P > 0.05 |
Other drugs | 165 (28.7) | 103 (31.1) | P > 0.05 |
Results of virological analyses in nasopharyngeal samples | |||
Nasopharyngeal samples positive to at least one pathogen | 320 (55.7) | 204 (61.6) | P > 0.05 |
Influenza (A + B) | 176 (30.7) | 114 (34.4) | P > 0.05 |
Influenza A (including 4 A not subtyped) | 69 (12) | 42 (12.7) | P > 0.05 |
A(H1N1)pdm09 | 36 (6.3) | 24 (7.2) | P > 0.05 |
A(H3N2) | 29 (5) | 14 (4.2) | P > 0.05 |
Influenza B | 107 (18.6) | 72 (21.7) | P > 0.05 |
Influenza B Victoria | 89 (15.5) | 57 (17.2) | P > 0.05 |
Influenza B Yamagata | 18 (3.1) | 15 (4.5) | P > 0.05 |
Human Coronaviruses NL63, 229E, OC43, HKU1 | 48 (8.4) | 35 (10.6) | P > 0.05 |
Human Rhinovirus | 49 (8.5) | 25 (7.5) | P > 0.05 |
Respiratory Syncytial virus A/B | 26 (4.5) | 20 (6) | P > 0.05 |
Human Bocavirus | 5 (0.9) | 3 (0.9) | P > 0.05 |
Human Metapneumovirus A/B | 16 (2.8) | 9 (2.7) | P > 0.05 |
Human Parainfluenza viruses 1, 2,3,4 | 6 (1) | 4 (1.2) | P > 0.05 |
Human Adenovirus | 8 (1.4) | 4 (1.21) | P > 0.05 |
Human Parechovirus | 0 | 0 | |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 0 | 0 | |
Enteroviruses | 0 | 0 | |
Co-infection | 13 (2.3) | 10 (3) | P > 0.05 |