From: Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review
Drugs | Acinetobacter spp. (N Isolates) Median (IQR) | Citrobacter spp. (N Isolates) Median (IQR) | Escherichia coli (N Isolates) Median (IQR) | Haemophilus influenzae (N Isolates) Median (IQR) | Klebsiella pneumoniae (N Isolates) Median (IQR) | Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N Isolates) Median (IQR) | Non-Typhoidal Salmonella spp. (N Isolates) Median (IQR) | Proteus spp. (N Isolates) Median (IQR) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (N Isolates) Median (IQR) | Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi (N Isolates) Median (IQR) | Shigella spp. (N Isolates) Median (IQR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amikacin | (240) 32.7(0–63.6) | (29) 5.8(0–15.4) | (5422) 0.2(0–24.5) | *NC | (1458) 12.6(1.6–37.7) | NC | NC | (251) 16.7(0–67.6) | (476) (6.5–50) | (433) 4.9(0.2–15.5) | NC |
Amoxicillin | NC | (71) 78.5(73.4–95.8) | (5500) 88.1(81.4–92.6) | NC | (524) 100(86.8–100) | NC | NC | (409) 82(48.8–91.4) | (230) 84.8(19.2–98.2) | (150) 69.2(44.0–77.3) | NC |
Ampicillin | (188) 100(92.5–100) | (59) 100(66.1–100) | (2951) 86.7(69.2–96.7) | (18) 100(76.6–100) | (1259) 100(93.4–100) | NC | NC | (685) 42.3(28.3–84.7) | (820) 100(94.5–100) | (380) 57.8(21.2–75) | (110) 51.1(45.0–61.6) |
Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid | (56) 94.1(15–100) | (53) 34.8(0–100) | (6764) 43.5(30.8–61.9) | (35) 22.2(0–39.5) | (2043) 55.4(35.7–73.2) | NC | (357) 0(0–53.4) | (730) 21.2(0–56.3) | (852) 50(3.1–91.9) | (558) 6.1(0.6–15.1) | NC |
Azithromycin | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | (199) 4.2(2.2–33.3) | (1120) 0(0–5.2) | NC | NC | (197) 0(0–0.5) | NC |
Cefotaxime | (205) 90.9(41.7–100) | (58) 29.2(9.1–72.8) | (5173) 26.8(8.3–64.5) | NC | (1199) 50(32.5–76.4) | (96) 0(0–3.4) | (1099) 2.1(0–11.7) | (324) 20.8(0.3–57.6) | (288) 88.5(18.3–100) | (509) 0(0–1.2) | NC |
Ceftazidime | (260) 81.5(36.1–90.8) | (60) 45(9.8–78.6) | (2773) 19.5(10.0–55.8) | NC | (1412) 46.5(12.7–62.9) | NC | NC | (463) 30.9(4.7–39.9) | (1216) 29(25–46.9) | (512) 1.2(0–39.0) | (354) 0(0–22.2) |
Ceftriaxone | (69) 74.2(38.3–100) | (116) 25.3(0–77.2) | (2800) 31.5(6.9–47.7) | (88) 20.4(0–57.1) | (1547) 47.3(25–62.8) | (584) 0 | (807) 9(0.2–41.8) | (755) 17(1.1–35.3) | (915) 30.6(4.5–78.5) | (150) 0(0–19.5) | NC |
Cefuroxime | (31) 75(45.8–100) | NC | (3925) 30(19.7–51.2) | NC | (947) 51.9(35.8–83.2) | NC | NC | (124) 30.7(1.1–59.2) | NC | NC | NC |
Cefoxitin | NC | NC | (535) 8.3(2.9–44.1) | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC |
Cefepime | (79) 50(0–75.2) | NC | (957) 21.8(5.8–42.5) | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC |
Cefalotin | NC | NC | (515) 56.9(23.5–63.5) | NC | (154) 55.7(42.4–76) | NC | NC | NC | NC | (145) 6.8(2.4–35.3) | (201) 3.8(0–8.5) |
Chloramphenicol | (47) 100(60.4–100) | (88) 70.8(18.8–91.7) | (2963) 40.9(11.3–58.0) | (56) 28.6(10.9–100) | (1046) 62.8(48.9–91.5) | NC | (1982) 60.5(34.9–88) | (538) 50(14.3–76.4) | (691) 67(33.8–91.7) | (348) 43.1(25–60) | (65) 11.1(9.1–27.8) |
Ciprofloxacin | (47) 29.9(12.1–74.9) | (147) 10(0–31.2) | (7877) 23.2(7.7–35.6) | (28) 14.6(3.1–79.2) | (2473) 24.3(7.8–35.4) | (658) 37.5(30.7–83.9) | (1147) 0.4(0–15.7) | (924) 7.2(0–27.4) | (1083) 16.1(2–38.4) | (562) 0(0–11.7) | (386) 0(0–5.4) |
Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole | (133) 80.4(54.5–100) | (122) 85.7(64.3–100) | (7493) 80.7(69.8–85.6) | (54) 83.8(0–100) | (2093) 67.8(60.5–93.0) | (72) 92.6(25–100) | (1981) 60.5(40–88.8) | (833) 61.3(39.1–78.7) | (912) 92(75.7–100) | (1001) 52.8(29.4–72.9) | (392) 83.3(39.9–88) |
Doxycycline | NC | NC | (302) 54.5(12.8–72.3) | NC | (531) 67.8(60.5–93.0) | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC |
Erythromycin | NC | NC | (675) 81.6(29.9–86.5) | NC | (444) 58.9(39.8–82.6) | NC | NC | NC | (501) 77.3(40.8–100) | NC | NC |
Gentamicin | (288) 61.1(25–86) | (143) 37.5(0–48.4) | (8282) 29.8(8.4–45.3) | (35) 59.4(8.9–100) | (2691) 41.7(24.1–66.7) | (88) 28.6(0–55.2) | (1657) 11.9(4.9–37) | (1027) 13.5(0–34) | (1554) 29.4(17.7–44.5) | (801) 2.3(0–21.7) | (365) 5.9(0.2–23.2) |
Imipenem | (230) 2(0–23) | NC | (1613) 0.2(0–5.5) | NC | (1002) 0(0–6.3) | NC | NC | (21) 10.7(0–67.8) | (486) 6(0–51.8) | NC | NC |
Levofloxacin | NC | NC | (751) 19.2(8.7–47.6) | NC | (246) 15.6(8.6–62.7) | NC | NC | (138) 42.7(4.7–91.7) | (77) 25.8(16.5–36.5) | NC | NC |
Meropenem | (24) 40(0–44.4) | NC | (3402) 0(0–5.7) | NC | (711) 3.6(0–11.7) | NC | NC | (154) 1(0–1.6) | (138) 15.8(0–32) | NC | NC |
Nalidixic Acid | NC | (39) 42.9(41.7–62.2) | (2960) 36(12.7–53.8) | NC | (507) 35.2(14.8–53) | NC | (1007) 10.6(4.4–19.6) | (166) 59.3(34–93.8) | (101) 78.4(54.2–90.8) | (537) 5.7(0.6–19.3) | (367) 0.6(0–17.3) |
Nitrofurantoin | (27) 60(0–75) | (52) 40.6(25–52.3) | (5087) 14(4.5–25.1) | NC | (957) 24.0(13–54.7) | NC | NC | (257) 56.3(33.1–84.2) | (151) 76.5(65.9–80) | NC | NC |
Norfloxacin | (39) 34.5(6.3–86) | (89) 41(0–35.6) | (876) 25.6(15.0–46.3) | NC | (518) 31.2(5.6–43.6) | NC | NC | (303) 0(0–3.3) | (578) 17(0–75) | NC | NC |
Ofloxacin | NC | NC | (1294) 30.4(9.8–47.9) | NC | (733) 17(0–23.4) | NC | (1007) 73.2(43.7–90.5) | (322) 29(0–67) | NC | NC | NC |
Oxacillin | NC | NC | (411) 91.5(22.2–98.5) | NC | NC | NC | NC | (128) 46.7(11.9–82.9) | (474) 100(33.3–100) | NC | NC |
Penicillin | NC | NC | (43) 62(52.9–90.6) | NC | NC | (564) 75(52.4–100) | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC |
Piperacillin | (78) 50(41.7–75) | NC | (132) 58.4(35.1–95.0) | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC |
Piperacillin/ Tazobactam | (83) 33.6(12.7–80.1) | NC | (235) 21(11.1–30.6) | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | (95) 14.6(2.6–45.8) | NC | NC |
Tetracycline | (90) 73(62.2–100) | (72) 83.3(45–100) | (2896) 76.2(72.6–87.9) | (43) 25(11.1–25) | (744) 68(58.7–89.4) | (544) 91.7(63.6–100) | (1532) 37.1(22.4–66.3) | (455) 88.2(56.4–95.8) | (352) 100(81.8–100) | (309) 43(7.5–72.3) | (92) 54.5(22.2–71.1) |
Tobramycin | NC | NC | (677) 32(12.3–43.2) | NC | (207) 55(13.0–67.8) | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC |