Children with respiratory tract infections in Swedish primary care; prevalence of antibiotic resistance in common respiratory tract pathogens and relation to antibiotic consumption

Table 4 Risk factors for carriage of resistant bacteria among children aged 0-10 years with respiratory tract symptoms in Primary Health Care and growth of either Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or Haemophilus influenzae. (n = 178)

Variable	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted *OR (95% CI)
Male sex	2.41 (1.16-5.02)	2.95 (1.25-6.98)
Age (per year)	0.85 (0.70-1.04)	0.77 (0.58-1.02)
Hospital care last 6 m	1.40 (0.26-7.50)
Abroad last 3 m	1.06 (0.47-2.40)
Parents smoking	0.47 (0.10-2.14)
Attending day care centre	1.54 (0.63-3.80)
Respiratory tract disease (asthma/ allergy)	0.17 (0.02-1.28)	0.17 (0.02-1.38)
Pneumococcal vaccination (yes)	0.65 (0.16-2.69)
Antibiotics previous 4 weeks	3.45 (1.17-10.19)

Missing data regarding the variables were <10% in the children with, as well as, in the children without resistant bacteria
*Method: Backward Stepwise (Wald) Step 7

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