Children with respiratory tract infections in Swedish primary care; prevalence of antibiotic resistance in common respiratory tract pathogens and relation to antibiotic consumption

Table 3 Risk factors for carriage of resistant bacteria* among children aged 0-10 years with respiratory tract symptoms in Primary Health Care. (n = 340)

Variable	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted **OR (95% CI)
Male sex	1.81 (0.91-3.60)
Age (per year)	0.81 (0.69-0.95)	0.75 (0.57-0.99)
Hospital care last 6 m	1.70 (0.35-8.14)
Abroad last 3 m	1.08 (0.50-2.31)
Parents smoking	0.33 (0.08-1.43)
Attending day care centre	2.69 (1.15-6.29)	2.63 (0.91-7.66)
Respiratory tract disease (asthma/ allergy)	0.20 (0.03-1.47)
Pneumococcal vaccination (yes)	1.23 (0.35-4.34)
Antibiotics previous 4 weeks	2.33 (0.94-5.81)	3.08 (1.13-8.42)

Missing data regarding the variables were <10% in the children with, as well as, in the children without resistant bacteria
*Growth of either penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci (PNSP) and/ or beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae and/or beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant Haemophilus influenzae (BLNAR)
**Method: Backward Stepwise (Wald) Step 7

ISSN: 1471-2334