Table 3 Prognostic analyses of risk factors for overall survival

 Male

3.98

2.44 − 6.45

<0.001

3.16

1.88 − 5.31

<0.001

 Age ≥ 70 years

3.54

1.98 − 6.33

<0.001

2.15

1.18 − 3.93

0.012

 Ever-smokers

3.41

2.12 − 5.46

<0.001

 Respiratory diseases

3.76

2.38 − 5.95

<0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

2.50

1.45 − 4.30

<0.001

 Malignancy^a

3.25

2.05 − 5.14

<0.001

1.98

1.23 − 3.18

0.005

 Neurological diseases

2.13

1.15 − 4.30

<0.001

 Chronic renal diseases

2.92

0.92 − 9.29

0.07

 BMI <18.5 kg/m²

2.34

1.48 − 3.71

<0.001

2.12

1.29 − 3.48

0.003

 Lymphocytes <1000/μL

4.30

2.73 − 6.77

<0.001

2.36

1.47 − 3.78

<0.001

 Hb <10.0 g/dL

2.30

1.21 − 4.36

0.011

 Alb <3.5 g/dL

6.66

4.19 − 10.6

<0.001

3.93

2.42 − 6.40

<0.001

 CRP ≥1.0 mg/dL

4.28

2.71 − 6.76

<0.001

 FC pattern

2.87

1.65 − 5.00

<0.001

1.96

1.10 − 3.52

0.024