Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics and risk factors for tuberculosis among people with diabetes mellitus (DM) by glycemic status
From: Tuberculosis screening among persons with diabetes mellitus in Pune, India
Overall (n = 630) | Controlled DM (n = 186) | Poorly controlled DM (n = 444) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics, n (%) | ||||
Female sex | 350 (56%) | 100 (54%) | 250 (56%) | 0.5037 |
Median age, y (IQR) | 60 (50–65) | 61 (54–66) | 60 (50–65) | 0.00 |
Marital status | 0.013 | |||
Other | 125 (20%) | 33 (18%) | 92 (21%) | |
Married | 493 (78%) | 145 (78%) | 348 (78%) | |
Unmaried | 12 (2%) | 8 (4%) | 4 (1%) | |
Employed | 467 (74%) | 134 (72%) | 333 (75%) | 0.44 |
Monthly household income | 0.87 | |||
<5000 | 182 (29%) | 125 (28%) | 57 (31%) | |
(5000–10,000) | 201 (32%) | 142 (32%) | 59 (32%) | |
>10,000 | 132 (21%) | 94 (21%) | 38 (20%) | |
Diabetes Mellitus characteristics, n (%) | ||||
Median duration of DM, years (IQR) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (3–11) | 4 (2–7) | 0.00 |
Median HbA1c, (IQR) | 7.6 (6.4–9.3) | 6.5 (6.45–6.65) | 8.5 (7.5–9.85) | 0.00 |
Oral hypoglycemics | ||||
Sulfonylurea | 314 (50%) | 71 (38%) | 243 (55%) | 0.00015 |
Metformin | 506 (80%) | 140 (75%) | 366 (82%) | 0.02 |
Injectable insulin | 21 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 16 (4%) | 0.56 |
Tuberculosis risk factors, n (%) | ||||
Past history of TB | 44 (7%) | 17 (9%) | 27 (6%) | 0.16 |
Recent contact with TB case | 13 (2%) | 7 (4%) | 6 (1%) | 0.07 |
Tobacco smoking | 24 (4%) | 9 (5%) | 15 (3%) | 0.38 |
Alchohol abuse | 30 (5%) | 8 (4%) | 22 (5%) | 0.69 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.11 | |||
Underweight (<18.5) | 8 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 4 (1%) | |
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 150 (24%) | 34 (18%) | 116 (26%) | |
Overweight (25–29.9) | 200 (32%) | 60 (32%) | 140 (32%) | |
Tuberculosis symptoms, n (%) | ||||
Overall Cough | 66 (11%) | 19 (10%) | 47 (11%) | |
Cough >2 weeks | 19 (3%) | 8 (4%) | 11 (3%) | 0.24 |
Fevers | 36 (6%) | 9 (5%) | 27 (6%) | 0.54 |
Night sweats | 54 (9%) | 14 (8%) | 40 (9%) | 0.52 |
Weight loss | 59 (9%) | 18 (10%) | 41 (9%) | 0.97 |
Any of the four symptoms | 111 (18)% | 35 (19%) | 76 (17%) | |