Table 1 Prevalence of viruses and bacteria detected in the nasal swabs of 164 urban Indigenous children aged less than 5 years by presence of ARI with cough
All episodes | Symptomatic (56) | Asymptomatic (108) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Any organism positive | 132 (81.1) | 44 (78.6) | 88 (81.5) | 0.522 |
Total organisms positive | ||||
0 | 31 (19.0) | 12 (21.4) | 19 (17.8) | 0.493 |
1 | 40 (24.4) | 15 (26.8) | 25 (23.1) | |
2 | 37 (22.7) | 15 (26.8) | 22 (20.6) | |
3 | 25 (15.3) | 6 (10.7) | 19 (17.8) | |
4 | 20 (12.3) | 4 (7.1) | 16 (15.0) | |
5 | 9 (5.5) | 4 (7.1) | 5 (4.7) | |
NTHi + any other organism | 40 (23.4) | 12 (21.4) | 28 (25.9) | 0.525 |
NTHi only | 13 (7.9) | 4 (7.1) | 9 (8.3) | 0.789 |
NTHi + Mcat only | 4 (2.4) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (2.8) | 1.000 |
NTHi + Spn only | 4 (2.4) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (1.9) | 0.606 |
NTHi + Mcat + Spn only | 5 (3.1) | 1 (1.8) | 4 (3.7) | 0.662 |
NTHi only + Any virus | 25 (15.2) | 8 (14.3) | 17 (15.7) | 0.806 |
NTHi + Mcat + Any virus | 19 (11.6) | 6 (10.7) | 13 (12.0) | 0.802 |
NTHi + Spn + Any virus | 20 (12.2) | 6 (10.7) | 14 (12.7) | 0.676 |
NTHi + Mcat + Spn + Any virus | 15 (9.2) | 4 (7.1) | 11 (10.2) | 0.522 |
Spn + any other organism | 88 (53.7) | 29 (51.8) | 59 (54.6) | 0.729 |
Spn only | 4 (2.4) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (1.9) | 0.606 |
Spn + Mcat only | 9 (5.5) | 2 (3.6) | 7 (6.5) | 0.720 |
Spn only + any virus | 2 (1.2) | 2 (3.6) | 0 | - |
Spn + Mcat + Any virus | 8 (4.9) | 2 (3.6) | 6 (5.6) | 0.717 |
Mcat + any other organism | 78 (47.6) | 26 (46.4) | 52 (48.2) | 0.834 |
Mcat only | 4 (2.4) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (1.9) | 0.606 |
Mcat only + Any virus | 8 (4.9) | 2 (3.6) | 6 (5.6) | 0.717 |
Saur | 32 (19.5) | 7 (12.5) | 25 (23.2) | 0.103 |
Saur only | 10 (6.1) | 0 | 10 (9.3) | - |
Bpert + any other | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | - |
Bpert only | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
Any bacteria positive (not excl virus) | 131 (79.9) | 42 (75.0) | 89 (82.4) | 0.262 |
Any bacteria positive (excl virus) | 81 (49.4) | 27 (48.2) | 54 (50.0) | 0.828 |
Number bacteria positive (not excl virus) | ||||
0 | 33 (20.1) | 14 (25.0) | 19 (17.6) | 0.657 |
1 | 53 (32.3) | 18 (32.1) | 35 (32.4) | |
2 | 49 (29.9) | 17 (30.4) | 32 (29.6) | |
3 | 26 (15.9) | 6 (10.7) | 20 (18.5) | |
4 | 3 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (1.9) | |
RSV + any organism | 6 (3.7) | 2 (3.6) | 4 (3.7) | 0.957 |
RSV only | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Human rhinovirus + any organism | 29 (17.8) | 9 (16.1) | 20 (18.7) | 0.678 |
Human rhinovirus only | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Adenovirus + any other organism | 5 (3.1) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (2.8) | 0.787 |
Adenovirus only | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Human metapneumovirus + any other | 2 (1.2) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (0.9) | 1.000 |
Human metapneumovirus only | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Parainfluenzae types 1–3 + any other | 6 (3.7) | 2 (3.6) | 4 (3.7) | 1.000 |
Parainfluenzae types 1–3 only | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Influenza + any organism | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.8) | 0 | - |
Influenza only | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bocavirus + any organism | 11 (6.8) | 3 (5.4) | 8 (7.5) | 0.608 |
Bocaonly | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Human coronaviruses + any organism | 5 (3.1) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (2.8) | 1.000 |
Human coronaviruses only | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Polyomaviruses + any organism | 8 (4.9) | 3 (5.4) | 5 (4.7) | 1.000 |
Polyomaviruses only | 1 (2.3) | 1 (1.8) | 0 | - |
Any virus positive (not excl bacteria) | 59 (36.2) | 20 (35.7) | 39 (36.5) | 0.926 |
Any virus positive (no bacteria) | 2 (2.3) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0) | - |
Number virus positive (+ any bacteria) | ||||
0 | 104 (63.8) | 36 (64.3) | 68 (63.6) | 0.959 |
1 | 47 (28.8) | 16 (28.6) | 31 (29.0) | |
2 | 10 (6.1) | 3 (5.4) | 7 (6.5) | |
3 | 2 (1.2) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (0.9) | |
Virus and bacteria positive | 57 (34.8) | 18 (32.1) | 39 (36.1) | 0.613 |