Table 1 List of appropriate indications

Acute urinary retention or bladder outlet obstruction (≥150 cc)

Delivery of peripherally compatible infusate (IV fluids and medications), at least once in 24 h

Delivery of non-peripherally compatible infusate (e.g., irritants or vesicants), regardless of proposed duration of use

Accurate measurements of urinary output in critically ill patients required for treatment

Transfusion of blood and blood products

PICC : delivery of peripherally compatible infusate, with a duration of use which will likely confine ≥ 6 days^b

Volume measurements of urine output aim for diagnostics (24 h urine), which cannot be assessed by other collection strategies

Injection of contrast fluids

Invasive hemodynamic monitoring or requirement to obtain central venous access in critically ill patients

-Nontunneled CVC : duration of use will likely confine < 15 days

-PICC : duration of use will likely confine ≥ 15 days

Assist in healing of open sacral or perineal wounds in patients with urinary incontinence

Intravenous access for cardiac dysrhythmia

PICC : Delivery of cyclical or episodic chemotherapy that can be administered through a peripheral vein, provided that the proposed duration of such treatment is ≥3 months

Continuous bladder irrigation for hematuria

PIVC : duration of use will likely confine ≤ 5 days

Frequent phlebotomy (every 8 h), provided that the proposed duration of such use is ≥6 days

Patient requires prolonged immobilization

Midline : duration of use will likely confine ≤ 14 days^a

PICC : Intermittent infusions or infrequent phlebotomy in patients with poor/difficult peripheral venous access, provided that the proposed duration of such use is ≥ 6 days

Palliative care for terminally ill if needed

PICC: For infusions or palliative treatment during end-of-life care

Pre- or postoperative according (local) protocol

Tunneled catheter or port : preferred if proposed duration is ≥ 31 day