Table 5 Multivariate analysis on the risk for DM occurrence by Fine and Gray regression model (model 1; the model included 186 DM diagnoses)

Age (per 5-years older)

1.36

1.26–1.46

<0.0001

Gender (male vs female)

1.08

0.66–1.76

0.771

 Current/ex-smoker vs never

1.16

0.79–1.71

0.439

 Unknown vs never

0.48

0.24–0.98

0.044

 ≥25 < 30 vs <25 kg/m²

1.07

0.71–1.60

0.761

 >30 vs <25 kg/m²

2.43

1.34–4.40

0.003

 unknown vs < 25 kg/m²

1.02

0.57–1.82

0.954

 IVDU vs heterosexual

0.58

0.29–1.16

0.125

 MSM vs heterosexual

0.96

0.56–1.63

0.877

 Other/unknown vs heterosexual

1.18

0.70–1.99

0.536

 Positive vs negative

1.50

0.91–2.48

0.113

 Unknown vs negative

0.71

0.31–1.61

0.413

 Calendar year of ART initiation (per 3-years longer)

1.30

1.14–1.49

<0.0001

 CD4+ (per 100-cells/μL higher) ^a

0.91

0.84–0.99

0.025

 ≥50 vs <50 copies/ml

2.00

1.41–2.84

0.0001

 Triglycerides (per 50-mg/dl) ^a

1.07

1.05–1.09

<0.0001

 Haemoglobin (per 5-g/dl higher) ^a

2.59

1.47–4.55

0.001

 Fasting glucose (per 10-mg/dL higher) ^a

1.17

1.15–1.20

<0.0001

 Use of statins (yes vs no) ^a

1.21

0.71–2.07

0.474

 Ever use of lamivudine (yes vs no)

0.71

0.36–1.40

0.325

 Ever use of abacavir (yes vs no)

0.53

0.36–0.77

0.0008

 Ever use of emtricitabine (yes vs no)

0.30

0.17–0.54

<0.0001

 Ever use of tenofovir (yes vs no)

0.48

0.29–0.81

0.006

 Ever use of stavudine (yes vs no)

1.58

1.02–2.44

0.042

 Ever use of zidovudine (yes vs no)

1.62

0.97–2.70

0.067

 Ever use of didanosine (yes vs no)

0.98

0.66–1.46

0.932

 Ever use of efavirenz (yes vs no)

0.66

0.45–0.97

0.034

 Ever use of nevirapine (yes vs no)

0.36

0.23–0.56

<0.0001

 Ever use of ritonavir (yes vs no)

0.95

0.60–1.53

0.845

 Ever use of saquinavir (yes vs no)

0.91

0.60–1.38

0.643

 Ever use of lopinavir (yes vs no)

0.76

0.38–1.02

0.064

 Ever use of atazanavir (yes vs no)

0.44

0.29–0.65

<0.0001

 Ever use of darunavir (yes vs no)

0.24

0.13–0.45

<0.0001