Table 2 Characteristics, clinical diseases and outcome of 44 human infections with S. arizonae reported in the literature (1959–2012)
Reference | Age | Gender | Underlying Diseases | Type of Infection | Antibiotic Treatment | Exposure | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Krag 1959 [20] | 63 | F | idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | knee septic arthritis | achromycin | unknown | death |
Guckian 1967 [24] | 52 | F | SLE, DM | knee septic arthritis/gastroenteritis/UTI | cephalothin/ampicillin/chloramphenicol | unknown | recover |
Andrews 1970 [6] | 21 | M | none | gastroenteritis | ampicillin/chloramphenicol | dog | recover |
Smilack 1975 [8] | 23 | F | SLE | knee/shoulder arthritis/tibial abscess | ampicillin/cephalothin | unknown | recover |
Arora 1976 [18] | 30 | M | none | bacteraemia | chloramphenicol | unknown | recover |
Keren 1976 [12] | 53 | M | alcoholism | osteomyelitis/gastroenteritis | ampicillin/aminoglycoside | unknown | recover |
Johnson 1976 [32] | 29 | M | Hodgkin’s disease | bacteraemia/gastroenteritis/UTI | ampicillin | raw milk | death |
Johnson 1976 [32] | 54 | M | post heart transplant | bacteraemia/gastroenteritis | cephalothin/gentamicin | unknown | death |
Johnson 1976 [32] | 54 | F | mental retardation | gastroenteritis/pneumonia/empyema | ampicillin | unknown | recover |
Petru 1981 [22] | 53 | M | DM/interstitial pneumonitis | bacteraemia/mycotic aneurysm | ampicillin/gentamicin | NA | recover |
Lindsay 1981 [40] | 69 | F | cirrhosis | bacteraemia/peritonitis | cephalosporin/aminoglycoside/chloramphenicol | unknown | death |
Fainstein 1982 [13] | 66 | M | leukaemia | bacteraemia | ticarcillin/aminoglycoside | rattlesnake capsule | death |
Mcintyre 1982 [16] | 73 | M | DM/HTN | septic arthritis/aortic aneurysm/UTI | ampicillin | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
CDC 1983 [7] | 63 | F | gallbaldder adenocarcinoma | bacteraemia | ? | Rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Quismorio 1983 [11] | 31 | F | SLE | septic arthritis | ampicillin | unknown | death |
Quismorio 1983 [11] | 41 | M | HBV, post renal transplant | septic arthritis/kidney abscess | ampicillin | unknown | death |
Quismorio 1983 [11] | 48 | F | Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia | septic arthritis/gastroenteritis/UTI | ampicillin | unknown | death |
Riley 1988 [1] | 19 | F | SLE | bacteraemia | ampicillin | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Riley 1988 [1] | 25 | M | AIDS | adenitis/empyema | TMP/SMX | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Riley 1988 [1] | 51 | M | HTN/DCM/CHF/atrial fibrillation | pleurisy | nil | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Bhatt 1989 [10] | 27 | F | SLE | bacteraemia/gastroenteritis/peritonitis/ meningitis | ampicillin | rattlesnake meat | death |
Fleischman 1989 [28] | 38 | M | gastric carcinoma | bacteraemia/empyema | ampicillin | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Jacobson 1989 [19] | 49 | F | AIDS | bacteraemia | ciprofloxacin | unknown | recover |
Cone 1990 [14] | 71 | F | RA | bacteraemia/arthritis/gastroenteritis | ceftriaxone/chloramphenicol | folk remedy | recover |
Cone 1990 [14] | 72 | M | metastatic melanoma | bacteraemia | aztreonam | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Casner 1990 [31] | 30 | M | AIDS/Kaposi’s sarcoma | bacteraemia/UTI | Baktar | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Caravalho1990 [25] | 55 | F | RA | endophthalmitis | cephalosporin | powder | recover |
Woolf 1990 [27] | 28 | F | adenocarcinoma | peritonitis | ampicillin | capsule | death |
Babu 1990 [30] | 25 | M | AIDS/Kaposi’s sarcoma | bacteraemia/gastroenteritis/UTI | ciprofloxacin | rattlesnake powder | recover |
Noskin 1990 [15] | 57 | M | AIDS | bacteraemia | ampicillin | rattlesnake meat | recover |
Kraus 1991 [21] | 49 | F | SLE | cholecystitis/bacteraemia | cephalothin/amikacin | rattlesanke capsule | recover |
Kraus 1991 [21] | 27 | M | dermatomyositis | hip septic arthritis | ciprofloxacin | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Kraus 1991 [21] | 34 | F | SLE | knee septic arthritis | ciprofloxacin | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Kraus 1991 [21] | 36 | F | SLE | knee/shoulder septic arthritis/sepsis | ampicillin | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Kraus 1991 [21] | 29 | F | SLE | knee/shoulder septic arthritis/bacteraemia/UTI | ampicillin/amikacin | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Kraus 1991 [21] | 24 | F | leukaemia | bacteraemia | ciprofloxacin | unknown | recover |
Kraus 1991 [21] | 61 | F | Primary biliary cirrhosis | vertebral osteomyelitis/UTI | ampicillin/amikacin | unknown | recover |
Kraus 1991 [21] | 25 | F | SLE | UTI | TMP/SMX | NA | recover |
Kraus 1991 [21] | 70 | M | DM, ALS | bacteraemia | TMP/SMX | rattlesnake capsule | recover |
Sharma 1992 [29] | 69 | M | gastric cancer | peritonitis | cefotaxime/gentamicin | rattlesnake pills | recover |
Cortes 1992 [26] | 60 | M | metastatic carcinoma | bacteraemia/pneumonia | aztreonam | rattlesnake meat | recover |
Hoag 2005 [17] | 47 | F | AIDS | bacteraemia/pericarditis/gastroenteritis/UTI | ceftriaxone/ciproxin | pet chicken? | recover |
Di Bella 2011 [4] | 43 | M | Hodgkin’s disease/ panhypoglobulinemia | gastroenteritis | ciprofloxacin | NA | recover |
S. Kolker 2012 [9] | 32 | F | pemphigus | tibial abscess | ceftriaxone/ciproxin | iguana/snakes | recover |