Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Author, year [Ref] | Country | Study population*1 | Participants (n) receiving primary/revaccination dose | Time span between primary and revaccination | Serotypes measured (laboratory methods) | Funding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prospective cohort studies (n = 10) | ||||||
 Tobudic, 20122 [31] | Austria | Adult renal transplant recipients, 50.5 (±13) yrs | 29 (longitudinal cohort) | 1 year | 1, 4, 5, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F (WHO-ELISA) | Oesterreichische Nationalbank |
 Dransfield, 20122 [23] | USA | Patients with COPD, 64 (±10) yrs | 42/48 | Mean 8.4 (±3.5) years | 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F (WHO-ELISA; OPA) | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |
 Hammitt, 2011 [11] | USA | Alaska native population, 55–74 years | 123/121 (2nd dose) and 71 (3rd or 4th dose) | 6–22 years | 1, 4, 6B, 14, 19 F (non- WHO-ELISA; OPA) | US Department of Health and Human Services - National Vaccine Program Office |
 Jackson, 1999 [13] | USA | Resident population, 50–74 years | 901/513 | 5–13 (median 6) years | 4, 14, 23F (non-WHO-ELISA; OPA) | CDC and Lederle Laboratories |
 Jackson, 2013 [22] | USA | Resident population with stable underlying chronic conditions, 60–64 years | 157–181 (longitudinal cohort)3 | 3.5–4 years | 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F (OPA) | Wyeth Vaccine Research/Pfizer |
 Manoff, 20104 [25] | USA | Resident population, 65–88 years | 60/60 | 3–5 years | 4, 14, 23F (Merck-ELISA; OPA) | Funded in part by Merck & Co and the CDC |
 Musher, 2010 [12] | USA | Resident population ≥ 50 year | 437/5445 | 3–5 years | 3, 4, 6B, 8, 9V, 12F, 14, 23F (Merck-ELISA) | Merck & Co |
 Musher, 20116 [28] | USA | Resident population 60–93 years | 67 (2nd dose)/67 (3rd dose) | 10 years | 3, 4, 6B, 8, 9V, 12F, 14, 23F (Merck-ELISA) | Merck & Co |
 Ohshima, 2014 [29] | Japan | Paitents with COPD, 65–80+ yrs | 40 (longitudinal cohort) | 8–9 years | 6B, 14, 19F, 23F (WHO-ELISA; OPA) | Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan |
 Törling, 2003 [24] | Sweden | Patients with history of CAP, 50–88 years | 61 (longitudinal cohort) | 4–7 (mean 5.3) years | 1, 4, 7F, 14, 18C, 19F (combined GMCs, non-WHO-ELISA) | not reported |
Retrospective database studies (n = 3) | ||||||
 Jackson, 2006 [27] | USA | Resident population, 50–80+ yrs | 279,504/36,888 (2nd dose) and 603 (3rd dose) | 1–9+ years (mean after 2nd dose 7 (±3) years) | Safety outcomes only | Not reported |
 Shih, 2002 [30] | USA | Resident population, 65–80+ yrs | 96,327/23,663 | 6 months-9 years (43% > 5 years) | Safety outcomes only | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services |
 Walker, 2005 [32] | USA | Alaska native population, 72% ≥ 60 year | 144/35 (2nd dose) and 179 (≥3rd dose) | 45% ≥ 6 years, 55% < 6 years | Safety outcomes only | Funded in part by Association of Schools of Public Health |
Cross-sectional study (n = 1; telephone interview) | ||||||
 D’Heilly, 2002 [26] | USA | Elderly resident population, mean 71 year | 455/107 | not reported | Safety outcomes only | Not reported |