Association between tuberculosis, diabetes and 25 hydroxyvitamin D in Tanzania: a longitudinal case control study

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 1 Characteristics at baseline of the case-control sample

	TB patients N = 167	Healthy controls N = 358
	N (%) or Mean (sd)		p
Age	33.7 (10.7)	36.1 (13.0)	0.05
Male sex	95 (56.9)	191 (53.4)	0.45
History of smoking	25 (15.0)	90 (25.3)	0.008
Alcohol misuse	16 (9.6)	22 (6.2)	0.16
Socioeconomic status
Low	41 (24.6)	71 (19.9)	0.25
Medium	82 (49.1)	185 (52.0)	0.64
High	44 (26.4)	100 (28.1)	0.75
Mean daily sunshine hours during the month of enrolment	7.9 (1.4)	7.9 (1.1)	0.08
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)	22.5 (4.2)	25.1 (5.1)	<0.001
HIV infection	51 (30.7)	51 (14.3)	<0.001
Previously known DM	5 (3.0)	2 (0.6)	0.02
Hyperglycemia at enrolment	38 (22.8)	37 (10.3)	<0.001
Persistent hyperglycemia	12 (7.2)	37 (10.3)	0.33
25 hydroxyvitamin D deficiency	3 (1.8)	21 (5.9)	0.04
Low 25 hydroxyvitamin D	43 (25.8)	111 (31.0)	0.22
25 hydroxyvitamin D level (nmol/l)	94.0 (26.9)	89.6 (26.9)	0.08
TB characteristics
TB symptoms >3 months	21 (12.6)
TB
Smear positive	136 (81.4)
Smear negative	27 (16.2)
Extrapulmonary	4 (2.4)
Cavity on X-ray	86 (52.8)

Abbreviations and definitions: TB tuberculosis, Alcohol misuse ≥3 drinks per day or ≥6 drinks per occasion, Socioeconomic status assessed with indicators of scholar education, occupation and wealth ownership using factor analysis, Persistent hyperglycemia presence of hyperglycemia at enrolment confirmed at follow up (measure of glycemia repeated among patients with tuberculosis only), Low vitamin D <75 nmol/l, Vitamin D deficiency <50 nmol/l. Hyperglycemia fasting capillary glucose >6 mmol/l and/or 2-hCG >7.7 mmol/l, TB symptoms >3months >3months duration of tuberculosis symptoms.
P values were calculated using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables

ISSN: 1471-2334