| |
TB patients N = 167
|
Healthy controls N = 358
| |
|---|
| |
N (%) or Mean (sd)
|
p
|
|---|
|
Age
|
33.7 (10.7)
|
36.1 (13.0)
|
0.05
|
|
Male sex
|
95 (56.9)
|
191 (53.4)
|
0.45
|
|
History of smoking
|
25 (15.0)
|
90 (25.3)
|
0.008
|
|
Alcohol misuse
|
16 (9.6)
|
22 (6.2)
|
0.16
|
|
Socioeconomic status
|
|
Low
|
41 (24.6)
|
71 (19.9)
|
0.25
|
|
Medium
|
82 (49.1)
|
185 (52.0)
|
0.64
|
|
High
|
44 (26.4)
|
100 (28.1)
|
0.75
|
|
Mean daily sunshine hours during the month of enrolment
|
7.9 (1.4)
|
7.9 (1.1)
|
0.08
|
|
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)
|
22.5 (4.2)
|
25.1 (5.1)
|
<0.001
|
|
HIV infection
|
51 (30.7)
|
51 (14.3)
|
<0.001
|
|
Previously known DM
|
5 (3.0)
|
2 (0.6)
|
0.02
|
|
Hyperglycemia at enrolment
|
38 (22.8)
|
37 (10.3)
|
<0.001
|
|
Persistent hyperglycemia
|
12 (7.2)
|
37 (10.3)
|
0.33
|
|
25 hydroxyvitamin D deficiency
|
3 (1.8)
|
21 (5.9)
|
0.04
|
|
Low 25 hydroxyvitamin D
|
43 (25.8)
|
111 (31.0)
|
0.22
|
|
25 hydroxyvitamin D level (nmol/l)
|
94.0 (26.9)
|
89.6 (26.9)
|
0.08
|
|
TB characteristics
|
|
TB symptoms >3 months
|
21 (12.6)
| | |
|
TB
|
|
Smear positive
|
136 (81.4)
| | |
|
Smear negative
|
27 (16.2)
| | |
|
Extrapulmonary
|
4 (2.4)
| | |
|
Cavity on X-ray
|
86 (52.8)
| | |
- Abbreviations and definitions: TB tuberculosis, Alcohol misuse ≥3 drinks per day or ≥6 drinks per occasion, Socioeconomic status assessed with indicators of scholar education, occupation and wealth ownership using factor analysis, Persistent hyperglycemia presence of hyperglycemia at enrolment confirmed at follow up (measure of glycemia repeated among patients with tuberculosis only), Low vitamin D <75 nmol/l, Vitamin D deficiency <50 nmol/l. Hyperglycemia fasting capillary glucose >6 mmol/l and/or 2-hCG >7.7 mmol/l, TB symptoms >3months >3months duration of tuberculosis symptoms.
- P values were calculated using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables
