Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae influences the outcome of early infections in liver transplant recipients

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study cohort

Characteristics	All patients n = 88, (%)	180-day outcome		p value
Characteristics	All patients n = 88, (%)	Survival n = 61 (%)	Death n = 27 (%)	p value
Age (years, ranges)	53 (34–67)	52 (34–66)	54 (37–67)	0.803
Gender Male	70 (80)	51 (84)	19 (70)	0.257
MELD score ≥25^a	23 (26)	14 (23)	9 (33)	0.448
Child-Pugh stage C	42 (48)	27 (44)	15 (56)	0.436
Pre-LT hospitalization^b	18 (20)	10 (16)	8 (30)	0.257
Previous Abdominal Surgery	7 (8)	5 (8)	2 (7)	0.900
Indication for LT - Viral^c	58 (66)	40 (66)	18 (67)	1.000
HCV positivity	49 (56)	35 (57)	14 (52)	0.804
HBs-Ag positivity	13 (15)	8 (13)	5 (18)	0.739
HIV positivity	9 (10)	5 (8)	4 (15)	0.448
Presence of HCC^d	30 (34)	22 (36)	8 (30)	0.731
Type of anastomosis
Roux-en-y	10 (11)	6 (10)	4 (15)	0.488
Termino-terminal	78 (89)	55 (90)	23 (85)
RBC units ≥ 5^e	72 (82)	48 (79)	24 (89)	0.398
Plasma units ≥ 10	39 (44)	26 (43)	13 (48)	0.804
RRT^f	20 (23)	5 (8)	15 (56)	<0.0001
Rejection	41 (47)	30 (49)	11 (41)	0.617
Diabetes	14 (16)	12 (20)	2 (7)	0.216
Multisite infections^g	34 (39)	14 (23)	20 (74)	<0.0001
Pneumonia	43 (49)	22 (36)	21 (78)	0.001
SSIs^h	40 (45)	25 (41)	15 (56)	0.301
BSIsⁱ	31 (35)	14 (23)	17 (63)	0.001
UTIs^j	30 (34)	20 (33)	10 (37)	0.885
Gram-positive bacteria	45 (51)	29 (48)	16 (59)	0.434
Gram-negative bacteria	64 (73)	40 (66)	24 (89)	0.045
Polymicrobial infections^k	24 (27)	11 (18)	13 (48)	0.008
Fungi	9 (10)	5 (8)	4 (15)	0.448
Mixed infections^l	6 (7)	2 (3)	4 (15)	0.069
Overall resistant infections^m	78 (89)	52 (85)	26 (96)	0.253
CRKP infectionsⁿ	13 (15)	4 (7)	9 (33)	0.002
CMV infection	29 (33)	14 (23)	15 (56)	0.006

^aMELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
^bPre-LT hospitalization: included any hospitalization within one month before LT
^cIndication for LT included: viral [n = 58], alcoholic [n = 11], cryptogenetic [n = 7], cholestatic [n = 6], and other [n = 6] causes
^dHCC: Hepato Cellular Carcinoma
^eRBC: red blood cell units
^fRRT: renal replacement therapy included: dialysis, continuous veno-venous haemo(dia)filtration and plasmapheresis
^gMultisite infections: ≥ 2 sites (i.e.: blood and urine; blood and surgical sites etc.) were contemporarily involved
^hSSIs: surgical sites infections
ⁱBSIs: blood stream infections
^jUTIs: urinary tract infections
^kPolymicrobial infections: infections caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
^lMixed infections: infections caused by both bacterial and fungal pathogens
^mOverall resistant infections: infections caused by a bacterial pathogen showing any resistant pattern (see for details Table 3)
ⁿCRKP infections: infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains

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