Table 2 Influence of urea and citric acid as additional compounds on virus-inactivating properties of an alcohol-based formulation against poliovirus (PV), adenovirus (AdV) and polyomavirus SV40 (SV40)

0.5 %

1.0 %

1.5 %

2.0 %

2.5 %

Concentration of urea (%)

2.5 %

n.d.

3.25 ± 0.58

4.75 ± 0.50

4.88 ± 0.62

5.25 ± 0.51

2.0 %

n.d.

3.13 ± 0.53

4.13 ± 0.53

4.00 ± 0.54

5.25 ± 0.52

1.5 %

n.d.

3.13 ± 0.56

4.00 ± 0.58

4.88 ± 0.53

5.13 ± 0.55

1.0 %

n.d.

n.d.

4.13 ± 0.55

4.25 ± 0.58

5.13 ± 0.52

0.5 %

n.d.

n.d.

3.00 ± 0.53

3.25 ± 0.50

2.88 ± 0.53

0 %

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

3.38 ± 0.55

3.63 ± 0.62

0.5 %

1.0 %

1.5 %

2.0 %

2.5 %

Concentration of urea (%)

2.5 %

n.d.

2.00 ± 0.66

3.25 ± 0.64

3.88 ± 0.53

5.38 ± 0.65

2.0 %

n.d.

2.13 ± 0.53

3.00 ± 0.58

4.00 ± 0.46

4.13 ± 0.53

1.5 %

n.d.

1.63 ± 0.65

2.25 ± 0.57

3.75 ± 0.58

4.38 ± 0.64

1.0 %

n.d.

n.d.

2.63 ± 0.59

2.50 ± 0.59

2.25 ± 0.68

0.5 %

n.d.

n.d.

2.63 ± 0.59

2.75 ± 0.56

3.63 ± 0.59

0 %

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

3.00 ± 0.65

3.00 ± 0.58

0.5 %

1.0 %

1.5 %

2.0 %

2.5 %

Concentration of urea (%)

2.5 %

n.d.

3.13 ± 0.52

4.25 ± 0.50

5.00 ± 0.53

5.50 ± 0.27

2.0 %

n.d.

3.25 ± 0.50

4.88 ± 0.53

4.50 ± 0.38

5.13 ± 0.52

1.5 %

n.d.

2.88 ± 0.59

4.00 ± 0.59

4.00 ± 0.58

4.50 ± 0.38

1.0 %

n.d.

n.d.

2.75 ± 0.63

3.25 ± 0.50

4.25 ± 0.50

0.5 %

n.d.

n.d.

2.88 ± 0.62

3.00 ± 0.58

4.13 ± 0.55

0 %

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

3.38 ± 0.45

3.88 ± 0.52