Monocyte unresponsiveness and impaired IL1β, TNFα and IL7 production are associated with a poor outcome in Malawian adults with pulmonary tuberculosis

Table 3 Comparison of immune dysregulation between bacterial sepsis and tuberculosis

Bacterial Sepsis	Malawian TB Patients
↓monocyte HLA-DR expression associated with secondary infection [2, 4]	Variable monocyte HLA-DR expression^a
HLA-DR expression correlates with TNFα production [24]	No correlation between monocyte HLA-DR expression and TNFα production
Correlation between monocyte HLA-DR and CD86 expression [6, 25]	Correlation between monocyte HLA-DR and CD86 expression
↓CD86 expression associated with increased severity of inflammation [7, 25]	Widely variable monocyte CD86 expression^a
Expansion of CD14^loCD16^hi monocyte population [26]	Expansion of CD14^loCD16^hi monocyte population
CD14^loCD16^hi monocytes major TNFα producers [11]	‘Classical’ CD14^hiCD16^neg monocytes major TNFα producers

ISSN: 1471-2334