Table 1 Baseline demographics of study participants stratified by mmt use (n = 794)

Gender

 Male

494 (62.2)

9 (50.0)

166 (50.8)

319 (71.1)

 Female

300 (37.8)

9 (50.0)

161 (49.2)

130 (28.9)

Age (years)

 Median (IQR)

41.1 (34.3–46.6)

37.8 (30.0–42.9)

40.6 (34.2–46.2)

41.6 (34.6–47.2)

Ethnicity

 Caucasian

451 (56.8)

12 (66.7)

205 (62.7)

234 (52.1)

 Other

343 (43.2)

6 (33.3)

122 (37.3)

215 (47.9)

Homelessness^a

 Yes

166 (20.9)

2 (11.1)

68 (20.8)

96 (21.4)

 No

625 (78.8)

16 (88.9)

258 (78.9)

351 (78.2)

Sex work involvement^a

 Yes

125 (15.7)

3 (16.7)

60 (18.4)

62 (13.8)

 No

667 (84.0)

15 (83.3)

266 (81.4)

386 (86.0)

Daily heroin injection^a

 Yes

131 (16.5)

8 (44.4)

53 (16.2)

70 (15.6)

 No

662 (83.4)

10 (55.6)

274 (83.8)

378 (84.2)

Daily cocaine injection^a

 Yes

148 (18.6)

5 (27.8)

57 (17.4)

86 (19.2)

 No

640 (80.6)

13 (72.2)

268 (82.0)

359 (80.0)

Daily crack cocaine smoking^a

 Yes

208 (26.2)

4 (22.2)

104 (31.8)

100 (22.3)

 No

585 (73.7)

14 (77.8)

222 (67.9)

349 (77.7)

Protease inhibitor initial regimen^a

 Yes

325 (40.9)

11 (61.1)

143 (43.7)

171 (38.1)

 No

469 (59.1)

7 (38.9)

184 (56.3)

278 (61.9)

CD4 count (cells/mm³)

 Median (IQR)

300 (190–440)

255 (190–310)

320 (180–470)

295 (190–425)

Viral load (log₁₀ copies/mL)

 Median (IQR)

3.7 (1.7–4.7)

4.5 (4.0–4.8)

3.5 (1.7–4.7)

3.8 (1.7–4.8)

Physician HIV experience^b

 Median (IQR)

60 (14–161)

133 (34–203)

71 (19–185)

52 (11–139)