A meta-analysis of the proportion of animal Salmonella isolates resistant to drugs used against human salmonellosis in Ethiopia

Table 3 Pooled proportions and heterogeneity estimates of drug resistant isolates

Host	Drug	Pooled estimate (%)		Heterogeneity
Host	Drug	p (95% CI)	Z-p	Q-p	Q/df	I²
Ruminants	Amp^a	17.28 (7.28, 37.36)	0.003	0.000	5.21	80.8
	Sxt^b	4.35 (1.57, 11.45)	0.000	0.370	1.5	4.5
	MDR^a	19.12 (8.40, 37.87)	0.003	0.000	6.3	84.1
Pigs	Amp	3.95 (2,14, 7.20)	0.000	0.317	1.00	0.2
	Sxt	1.12 (0.36, 3.43)	0.000	0.946	0.0	0.0
	Cip	12.55 (1.34, 60.32)	0.107	0.000	29.32	96.6
	MDR	50.98 (17.52, 83.59)	0.961	0.000	33.9	97.0
All animals	Chl	2.24 (1.38, 3.61)	0.000	0.366	1.09	8.3
All animals	Cro	1.25 (0.52, 2.98)	0.000	0.883	0.39	0.0

Amp = ampicillin; Chl = chloramphenicol; Cip = ciprofloxacin; Cro = ceftriaxone; df = degrees of freedom; I² = inverse variance index; Q = Cochran’s Q; Q-p = probability of Cochran’s Q test; Sxt = co-trimoxazole; Z-p = probability of Z test.
^aThe estimate is for slaughtered ruminants.
^bThe estimate is for true ruminants.

ISSN: 1471-2334