Table 2 Listing of birth defects detected by timing of antiretroviral therapy exposure
From: Birth defects in a cohort of infants born to HIV-infected women in Spain, 2000-2009
Birth defects | Earliest antiretroviral exposure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
First trimester (n = 329) | Second/third trimester (n = 488) | None (n = 80) | |
Central Nervous System | |||
Microcephaly | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Face/neck/eyes/ears | |||
Morrie syndrome | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Microphthalmia | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Coloboma | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Syndromic facies | 1§ | 0 | 0 |
Cardiovascular and circulatory defects | |||
Atrial septal defect | 5 | 4 | 0 |
Ventricular septal defect | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Transposition of the great arteries | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Pulmonary valve stenosis | 0 | 2* | 0 |
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 1† | 0 | 0 |
Respiratory | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Digestive system | |||
Hepatic venous malformation | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatic lymphangioma | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Alagille syndrome | 0 | 2# | 0 |
Oesophageal atresia | 1‡ | 0 | 0 |
Diaphragmatic hernia | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Genital organs | |||
Cryptorchidism | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Double urethra | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Vaginal polyp | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Urinary system | |||
Hydronephrosis | 2 | 5 | 0 |
Hypospadias | 0 | 3 | 0 |
Renal duplication and ureterocele | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Musculoskeletal | |||
Premature synostosis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Clubfeet | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Phocomelia | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Congenital hip dislocation | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Congenital knee dislocation | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Limbs | |||
Syndatyly | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Polydactyly | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Miscellaneous defects | |||
Pierre Robin syndrome | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Fetal alcohol syndrome | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Trisomy 21 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Total infants with defects | 23 | 33 | 6 |