From: Vitamin D and tuberculosis: a multicenter study in children
 | Controls n = 814 | Latent TB n = 138 | Active TB n = 44 | Total n = 996 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enrolling centre, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
- Evelina London Children’s | 21 (2.6%) | 25 (18.1%) | 17 (38.6%) | 63 (6.4%) |  |
Hospital, London, UK | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Great Ormond Street | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (34.1%) | 15 (1.5%) | Â |
Hospital, London, UK | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy | 793 (97.4%) | 113 (81.9%) | 12 (27.3 %) | 918 (92.1%) | Â |
Age in years, median (IQR) | 5.5 (3.1-8.1) | 6.9 (4.3-10.8) | 4.7 (3.0-11.6) | 5.8 (3.1-8.5) | <0.0001 |
Gender, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
- Male | 496 (60.9%) | 85 (61.6%) | 15 (34.1%) | 596 (59.4%) | Â |
- Female | 310 (38.1 %) | 52 (37.7%) | 29 (65.9 %) | 391 (39.6%) | Â |
- Not known | 8 (1%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (0.9%) | Â |
Country of origin * , n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
- Asia | 146 (17.9%) | 19 (13.8%) | 4 (9.1%) | 169 (17%) | Â |
- Latin America | 183 (22.5%) | 24 (17.4%) | 4 (9.1%) | 211 (21.2%) | Â |
- Eastern Europe§ | 269 (33%) | 57 (41.3%) | 5 (11.4%) | 331 (33.2%) |  |
- Western Europe | 36 (4.4%) | 7 (5.1%) | 3 (6.8 %) | 46 (4.6%) | Â |
- Nord Africa | 16 (2%) | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (4.5%) | 19 (1.9%) | Â |
- Sub-Saharan Africa | 151 (18.6%) | 29 (21%) | 25 (56.8 %) | 205 (20.6%) | Â |
- Other | 8 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (0.8%) | Â |
- Not known | 5 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (2.3%) | 7 (0.7%) | Â |
Ethnic group, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
- African | 168 (20.7%) | 30 (21.7%) | 27 (61.4%) | 225 (22.6%) | Â |
- Asiatic | 146 (17.9%) | 19 (13.8%) | 4 (9.1%) | 169 (17%) | Â |
- Caucasian | 306 (37.6%) | 64 (46.4%) | 8 (18.2%) | 378 (37.9%) | Â |
- Hispanic | 183 (22.5%) | 24 (17.4%) | 4 (9.1%) | 211 (21.2%) | Â |
- Other | 6 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (0.6%) | Â |
- Not known | 5 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (2.2%) | 7 (0.7%) | Â |
BCG, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.109 |
- Yes | 460 (56.5%) | 89 (64.5%) | 20 (45.5%) | 569 (57.1%) | Â |
- No | 244 (30.0%) | 40 (29.0%) | 19 (43.2%) | 303 (30.4%) | Â |
- Not known | 110 (13.5%) | 9 (6.5%) | 5 (11.4%) | 124 (12.4%) | Â |
Risk factors for vitamin D | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.932 |
deficiency†, n (%): |  |  |  |  |  |
- Yes | 470 (57.7%) | 74 (53.6%) | 32 (72.7%) | 576 (57.8%) | Â |
- No | 344 (42.3%) | 64 (46.4%) | 12 (27.3%) | 420 (42.2%) | Â |
Risk factors for TB | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
infection, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Tb contact | 92 (11.4%) | 31 (22.5%) | 27 (21.2%) | 150 (15.1%) | Â |
- Travel to/immigrated from | 695 (85.3%) | 104 (75.4%) | 10 (22.8%) | 809 (80.1%) | Â |
TB endemic country | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Not known | 27 (3.3%) | 3 (2.1%) | 7 (15.9%) | 37 (3.7%) | Â |
IGRA, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
- Positive | 0 (0.0%) | 45 (32.6%) | 28 (63.6%) | 73 (7.3%) | Â |
- Negative | 792 (97.3%) | 71 (51.4%) | 7 (15.9%) | 870 (87.3%) | Â |
- Not known | 22 (2.7%) | 22 (15.9%) | 9 (20.5%) | 53 (5.3%) | Â |
TST, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
- Positive | 0 (0.0%) | 120 (87%) | 32 (72.7%) | 152 (15.3%) | Â |
- Negative | 777 (95.5%) | 10 (7.2%) | 2 (4.5%) | 789 (79.2%) | Â |
- Not known | 37 (4.5%) | 8 (5.8%) | 10 (22.7%) | 55 (55.2%) | Â |