Reuse of single-dose nevirapine in subsequent pregnancies for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Lusaka, Zambia: A cohort study

Table 1 Characteristics HIV-infected multiparous mothers and their infants by previous exposure to single-dose nevirapine (SDNVP).

	Mother previously nevirapine exposed	Mother previously nevirapine un-exposed	p-value
N^a	59	782
Socio-demographic variables
Maternal age [mean ± SD]	27.3 ± 5.1	26.9 ± 4.9	0.59
Number of previous live births [median (IQR)]	3 (2, 4)	2 (1, 3)	0.001
HIV-related factors at enrolment
HIV viral load [copies per ml ]
Median (IQR)	20,501 (7,001; 60,617)	39,401 (9,728; 130,058)	0.04
< 10 000 [N (%)]	17 (29)	202 (26)
10 000–99 999 [N (%)]	31 (53)	346 (44)
≥ 100 000 [N (%)]	10 (17)	232 (30)	0.11 (trend)
CD4 cells [counts per μl]
Median (IQR)	335 (222, 453)	316 (190, 468)	0.86
< 200	14 (24)	205 (26)
200–349	19 (33)	238 (30)
≥ 350	25 (43)	338 (43)	0.86 (trend)
N (%) WHO clinical stage III	11 (19)	337 (43)	0.0002
BMI at 1 month post partum [mean ± SD]	22.7 ± 3.2	21.7 ± 3.4	0.03
Hemoglobin [g/dl] [mean ± SD]	10.9 ± 1.5	10.6 ± 1.5	0.12
Positive rapid plasma regain test for syphilis [N (%)]	6 (11)	135 (18)	0.15
Obstetric and infant variables
Caesarean sections [N (%)]	1 (2)	14 (2)	1.0
Low birth weight [N (%) < 2500 g]	2 (4)	83 (11)	0.07
Birth weight [mean ± SD]	3077 ± 439	3015 ± 496	0.36
Preterm delivery [N (%) ≤ 34 weeks of gestation]	11 (19)	178 (23)	0.50
Sex [N (%) male]	26 (44)	407 (52)	0.23
Nevirapine prophylaxis at current delivery
Maternal dose taken [N (%)]	58 (98)	745 (95)	0.51
Infant dose taken [N (%)]	57 (98)	733 (95)	0.35
HIV transmission and infant mortality^b
Infants HIV positive ≤ day 42 [N (%)]	3 (5)	94 (12)	0.11
Infants HIV positive or died ≤ day 42 [N (%)]^c	4 (7)	127 (16)	0.06

a) numbers may differ from the total due to missing data
b) Loss to follow-up at 42 days (as defined as HIV-uninfected, did not die ≤ 42 days, but was last tested before the one month visit) was not significantly different between both groups (1 (2%) versus 63 (8%), p = 0.08).
c) The study size for the combined analysis of infant mortality and HIV transmission was slightly larger as it includes 1 infant in the exposed and 18 in the unexposed group who died before the HIV status was established.

ISSN: 1471-2334