Table 5 Factors predicting in-hospital^a surgery and surgery within 1 year from admission

Age

<0.001

<0.001

   ≥65 years

1

1

   18–64 years

3.03

1.76 – 5.21

2.57

1.59 – 4.13

Sex

0.003

0.013

   Female

1

1

   Male

2.30

1.32 – 4.02

1.83

1.14 – 2.95

Etiology

0.611^b

0.178^b

   Staphylococcus aureus

1

1

   CoNS^c

1.17

0.52 – 2.63

1.07

0.49 – 2.36

   Viridans streptococci

1.55

0.81 – 2.96

1.56

0.88 – 2.77

   Enterococcus faecalis

0.59

0.20 – 1.76

0.53

0.18 – 1.56

   Streptococcus pneumoniae

1.59

0.53 – 4.76

2.67

1.07 – 6.65

   Other pathogens

1.28

0.55 – 2.97

1.30

0.61–2.77

   Culture negative

1.38

0.75 – 2.54

1.34

0.77 –2.35

Affected valve

<0.001^b

0.002^b

   Prosthetic

1

1

   Aortic

1.41

0.82 – 2.42

1.47

0.87–2.48

   Mitral

0.30

0.14 – 0.65

0.67

0.37–1.22

   Tricuspid

NA^d

NA

NA

NA

   Two native valves

1.77

0.90 – 3.49

2.22

1.16–4.25

Echocardiography

   Major Criterion

0.004

<0.001

No

1

1

Yes

2.99

1.63 – 5.50

2.57

1.58 – 4.18

   Vegetation

0.027

0.007

No

1.

1

Yes

1.71

1.06 – 2.76

1.76

1.17 – 2.66

Neurological complications ^e

0.399

0.184

No

1

1

Yes

1.22

0.77 – 1.94

1.32

0.88 – 1.99

Peripheral emboli ^e

<0.001

0.112

No

1

1

Yes

6.12

3.97 – 9.42

1.37

0.93 – 2.03

Heart failure ^e

<0.001

<0.001

No

1

1

Yes

2.26

1.42 – 3.59

2.27

1.52 – 3.39

Serum CRP on admission

   < 100 mg/l

1

1

   ≥100 mg/l

0.64

0.40–1.03

0.063

0.72

0.47–1.09

0.121

ESR ^f on admission

   < 50 mm/h

1

1

0.28–0.78

0.004

   ≥50 mm/h

0.44

0.25–0.79

0.006

0.47