Table 3 Association between in-hospitala complications and clinical characteristics in 326 episodes of infective endocarditis
N | Neurologic events n (%) | p value | Cerebral emboli n (%) | p value | Peripheral emboli n (%) | p value | Heart failure n (%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.404 | 0.297 | 0.354 | 0.538 | |||||
Male | 234 | 65 (27.8) | 38 (16.2) | 77 (32.9) | 125 (53.4) | ||||
Female | 92 | 21 (22.8) | 10 (10.9) | 25 (27.2) | 53 (57.6) | ||||
Age | 0.695 | 1.0 | 0.619 | 0.037 | |||||
18–64 years | 209 | 57 (27.3) | 31 (14.8) | 63 (30.1) | 105 (50.2) | ||||
≥65 years | 117 | 29 (24.8) | 17 (14.5) | 39 (33.3) | 73 (62.4) | ||||
Etiology | 0.035b | 0.182b | <0.001c | 0.019b | |||||
Staphylococcus aureus | 75 | 26 (34.7) | 14 (18.7) | 39 (52.0) | 37 (49.3) | ||||
CoNSc | 31 | 7 (22.6) | 5 (16.1) | 3 (9.7) | 20 (64.5) | ||||
Viridans streptococci | 67 | 18 (26.9) | 15 (22.4) | 20 (29.9) | 28 (41.8) | ||||
Enterococcus faecalis | 25 | 6 (24.0) | 2 (8.0) | 7 (28.0) | 17 (68.0) | ||||
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 11 | 7 (63.6) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (27.3) | 10 (90.9) | ||||
Other pathogens | 28 | 6 (21.4) | 2 (7.1) | 9 (32.1) | 14 (50.0) | ||||
Negative | 89 | 16 (18.0) | 8 (9.0) | 21 (23.6) | 52.(58.4) | ||||
Affected valves | 0.170b | 0.105b | <0.001b | 0.002b | |||||
Aortic | 113 | 30 (26.6) | 16 (14.2) | 43 (38.1) | 64 (56.6) | ||||
Mitral | 96 | 25 (26.0) | 17 (17.7) | 24 (25.0) | 46 (47.9) | ||||
Tricuspid | 18 | 3 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 10 (55.6) | 4 (22.2) | ||||
Two native valves | 32 | 14 (43.8) | 8 (25.0) | 18 (56.3) | 25 (78.1) | ||||
Prosthetic valve(s) | 67 | 19 (20.9) | 7 (10.5) | 7 (10.5) | 39 (58.2) | ||||
Echocardiography | |||||||||
Major criterion | 0.504 | 1.0 | 0.055 | 0.057 | |||||
Yes | 221 | 61 (27.6) | 33 (14.9) | 77 (34.8) | 129 (58.4) | ||||
No | 105 | 25 (23.8) | 15 (14.3) | 25 (23.8) | 49 (46.7) | ||||
Vegetation | 0.158 | 0.425 | <0.001 | 0.088 | |||||
Yes | 198 | 58 (29.3) | 32 (16.2) | 76 (38.4) | 116 (58.6) | ||||
No | 128 | 28 (21.9) | 16 (12.5) | 26 (20.37) | 62 (48.4) | ||||
Intravenous drug use | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.012 | 0.146 | |||||
Yes | 25 | 6 (24.0) | 3 (12.0) | 14 (56.0) | 10 (40.0) | ||||
No | 301 | 80 (26.6) | 45 (15.0) | 88 (29.2) | 168 (55.8) |