Table 1 Characteristics of Study Participants
Characteristic | Cases (79)* n % | Controls (242)* N % | OR Crude | 95% C.I. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) | ||||
≤ 38 | 42 (53.16) | 131 (54.13) | 1.0 | 0.64 – 1.76 |
≥ 39 | 37 (46.84) | 111 (45.87) | 1.06 | |
Gender | ||||
Female | 30 (37.97) | 88 (36.36) | 1.0 | 0.58 – 1.60 |
Male | 49 (62.03) | 154 (63.64) | 0.96 | |
Education | ||||
University | 5 (6.94) | 42 (17.57) | 1.0 | |
High | 18 (25.00) | 81 (33.89) | 1.89 | 0.64 – 5.55 |
Middle | 22 (30.56) | 61 (25.52) | 3.07 | 1.05 -9.00 |
Elementary | 27 (37.50) | 54 (22.94) | 5.18 | 1.72 – 15.57 |
Illiterate | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.42) | -- | -- |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||
White | 48 (61.54) | 156 (67.24) | 1.0 | 0.73 – 2.16 |
"Non-White" | 30 (38.46) | 76 (32.76) | 1.25 | |
Housing | ||||
Standard | 61 (81.33) | 228 (94.61) | 1.0 | 1.78 – 9.94 |
Substandard | 14 (18.67) | 13 (5.39)' | 4.20 | |
Ever smoked | ||||
No | 22 (31.88) | 105 (42.98) | 1.0 | 0.85 -2.72 |
Yes | 47 (68.12) | 137 (57.02) | 1.52 | |
Alcohol consumption | ||||
No | 63 (79.75) | 221 (91.32) | 1.0 | 1.42 – 5.86 |
Yes | 16 (20.25) | 21 (8.68) | 2.88 | |
Injection drug user | ||||
No | 50 (69.44) | 208 (87.03) | 1.0 | 1.48 – 5.28 |
Yes | 22 (30.56) | 31 (12.97) | 2.79 | |
Close contact w/child | ||||
No | 38 (52.78) | 176 (87.03) | 1.0 | 1.53 – 5.14 |
Yes | 34 (30.56) | 66 (12.97) | 2.81 | |
Prev. hosp w/pneumonia | ||||
No | 41 (56.94) | 191 (78.93) | 1.0 | 1.58 – 4.98 |
Yes | 31 (43.06) | 51 (21.07) | 2.80 | |
ARV** at the last visit | ||||
No | 28 (35.44) | 34 (14.05) | 1.0 | 0.14 – 0.49 |
Yes | 51 (64.56) | 208 (85.95) | 0.26 | |
Received pneumo vaccine | ||||
No | 65 (82.28) | 157 (64.88) | 1.0 | 0.19 – 0.72 |
Yes | 14 (17.72) | 85 (31.12) | 0.37' |