Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors associated with transmission of SARS
From: Clinical and epidemiological predictors of transmission in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
| Â | Patients with secondary transmission | Patients with no secondary transmission | Â | Â | Â | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | (n = 22) | (n = 76) | Â | Â | Â | ||
Factors | n | % | n | % | OR | 95%CI | p-value |
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- < = 24 | 4 | 18.2% | 19 | 25.0% | 1.00 | (Ref) | |
- 25 to 49 | 12 | 54.5% | 49 | 64.5% | 1.16 | (0.33–4.06) | 0.812 |
- 50 and above | 6 | 27.3% | 8 | 10.5% | 3.56 | (0.79–16.14) | 0.099 |
Female gender (vs male) | 19 | 86.4% | 60 | 78.9% | 1.69 | (0.44–6.43) | 0.442 |
Non-Chinese ethnicity (vs Chinese) | 6 | 27.3% | 34 | 44.7% | 0.46 | (0.16–1.31) | 0.148 |
Epidemiological features | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Context of exposure to SARS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- healthcare worker | 7 | 31.8% | 50 | 65.8% | 1.00 | (Ref) | |
- hospital inpatient | 6 | 27.3% | 4 | 5.3% | 10.70 | (2.41–47.6) | 0.002 |
- *others | 9 | 40.9% | 22 | 28.9% | 2.92 | (0.97–8.85) | 0.058 |
Date of onset | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- 21/3/03 or earlier (before universal PPE) | 18 | 81.8% | 60 | 78.9% | 1.00 | (Ref) | |
- 22/3//03 or later (after universal PPE) | 4 | 18.2% | 16 | 21.1% | 1.61 | (0.49–5.32) | 0.437 |
Delayed isolation (on Day 7 or later) | 16 | 72.7% | 18 | 23.7% | 8.59 | (2.93–25.23) | <0.001 |
Ever admitted to a non-isolation ward | 11 | 50.0% | 1 | 1.3% | 75.00 | (8.8–639.18) | <0.001 |
Clinical features | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Chronic illness | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- chronic respiratory illness | 5 | 22.7% | 2 | 2.6% | 10.88 | (1.94–60.92) | 0.007 |
- disease with immunosuppression | 5 | 22.7% | 5 | 6.6% | 4.18 | (1.09–16.08) | 0.038 |
Disease severity at time of isolation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- had an abnormal chest radiograph | 15 | 68.2% | 63 | 82.9% | 0.44 | (0.15–1.3) | 0.138 |
- required oxygen therapy | 7 | 31.8% | 7 | 9.2% | 4.60 | (1.4–15.08) | 0.012 |
- admitted to ICU or HD | 4 | 18.2% | 0 | 0.0% | NC | ||
- intubated | 2 | 9.1% | 0 | 0.0% | NC | ||
Signs and symptoms at time of isolation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- temperature > = 38oC | 16 | 72.7% | 58 | 76.3% | 0.83 | (0.28–2.43) | 0.731 |
- fever | 21 | 95.5% | 74 | 97.4% | 0.57 | (0.05–6.57) | 0.65 |
- cough | 13 | 59.1% | 42 | 55.3% | 1.17 | (0.45–3.06) | 0.75 |
- dyspnoea | 9 | 40.9% | 15 | 19.7% | 2.82 | (1.01–7.81) | 0.047 |
- vomiting | 8 | 36.4% | 9 | 11.8% | 4.25 | (1.4–12.95) | 0.011 |
- diarrhoea | 6 | 27.3% | 8 | 10.5% | 3.19 | (0.97–10.48) | 0.056 |
^Laboratory investigations | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- alanine aminotransferase >41IU/L | 7 | 31.8% | 17 | 22.4% | 1.62 | (0.57–4.61) | 0.367 |
- maximum lactate dehydrogenase >650IU/L | 14 | 63.6% | 10 | 13.2% | 11.55 | (3.87–34.49) | <0.001 |
- minimum platelet count < = 184*10^9/L | 8 | 36.4% | 16 | 21.1% | 2.14 | (0.77–6) | 0.147 |
- maximum neutrophil count >5.04*10^9/L | 11 | 50.0% | 13 | 17.1% | 4.85 | (1.74–13.53) | 0.003 |
- minimum lymphocyte count < = 0.93*10^9/L | 9 | 40.9% | 15 | 19.7% | 2.82 | (1.01–7.81) | 0.047 |