Table 2 Characteristics of injection drug users and nonaddicts with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis.
Injection drug users | Nonaddicts | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | (n = 20) | (n = 54) | P |
Age, mean years ± SD | 27 ± 15 | 65 ± 15 | <0.001 |
Male sex | 15 (75) | 32 (59) | 0.28 |
Hospital-acquired | 1 (5) | 33 (61) | <0.001 |
Previous skin disease or wound | 12 (60) | 22 (41) | 0.19 |
Previous surgerya | 0 (0) | 18 (33) | 0.002 |
Trauma in prior 2 months | 3 (15) | 9 (17) | 1.00 |
Central intravenous catheter | 0 (0) | 10 (19) | 0.05 |
Hemodialysis | 0 (0) | 6 (11) | 0.18 |
Previous S. aureus deep infection | 2 (10) | 1 (2) | 0.18 |
Previous S. aureus bacteremia | 2 (10) | 0 (0) | 0.07 |
Predisposing heart condition | 4 (20) | 27 (50) | 0.03 |
Degenerative heart disease | 0 (0) | 22 (41) | <0.001 |
Prosthetic valve | 0 (0) | 17 (32) | 0.004 |
Prior endocarditis | 1 (5) | 10 (19) | 0.27 |
Congenital heart disease | 3 (15) | 2 (4) | 0.12 |
Mitral valve prolapse | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 1.00 |
Rheumatic heart disease | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 1.00 |
Coronary artery disease | 0 (0) | 21 (39) | <0.001 |
Corticosteroid use ≥ 1 month | 0 (0) | 8 (15) | 0.10 |
Immunosuppressive therapyb | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | 0.56 |
Diabetes | 1 (5) | 18 (33) | 0.02 |
Alcoholism | 0 (0) | 4 (7) | 0.57 |
Liver disease | 18 (90) | 6 (11) | <0.001 |
Chronic hepatitis C | 17 (85) | 2 (4) | <0.001 |
Hepatic cirrhosis | 1 (5) | 4 (7) | 1.00 |
Malignancy | 0 (0) | 9 (17) | 0.10 |
Chronic renal failure | 0 (0) | 8 (15) | 0.10 |
HIV positive | 3 (15) | 0 (0) | 0.02 |