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Table 2 HIV risk factors before and during incarceration of 689 male inmates, Bangkok Thailand, 2001 – 2002.

From: HIV infection and risk factors among Bangkok prisoners, Thailand: a prospective cohort study

Risk factors

Risk before and during incarceration, Number (%)

 

No/No

Yes/No

No/Yes

Yes/Yes

p-values

Heroin injection

338(49.1)

83(12.0)

80(11.6)

188 (27.3)

<0.001

Injection risk among 351 heroin injectors

     

- Sharing injection paraphernalia

18 (5.1)

74(21.1)

92(26.2)

167 (47.6)

0.007

- Presence of injection scar(s) on the body*

190 (54.1)

161(45.9)

   

- Positive urine opiates*

273 (77.8)

78(22.2)

   

- Having attended withdrawal clinics*

240 (63.4)

111(36.6)

   

- Injection duration >7 years*

205 (58.4)

144(41.0)

   

Presence of tattoos

228 (33.1)

127 (18.4)

168 (24.4)

166(24.1)

0.003

Sharing razor blades with others

150 (21.8)

31 (4.5)

211 (30.6)

297(43.1)

<0.001

Ever receiving blood transfusion

635 (92.2)

51 (7.4)

1 (0.2)

2(0.3)

0.017**

Ever visiting prostitute*

128 (18.6)

561 (81.4)

   

Having sex with non-wife women*

144 (20.9)

545 (79.1)

   

Having sex without condom

21(3.8)

531(79.1)

7(1.0)

130(18.9)

0.652

Having sex with men

507(73.6)

40 (5.8)

78(11.3)

64 (9.3)

<0.001

Having sexually transmitted diseases

393 (57.0)

288(41.8)

1 (0.2)

7 (1.0)

0.024**

  1. Note: No/No = Never, Yes/Yes = Continued into incarceration, Yes/No = Before incarceration only, No/Yes = Initiated during incarceration *These risk behaviors were ascertained at the time of enrolment. **Fisher's exact test